Surgical Pathology Specimen Examination
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Questions and Answers

Which method is NOT suitable for specimen collection in surgical pathology?

  • Excisional biopsy
  • Cytology brush sampling (correct)
  • Shave biopsy
  • Fine needle aspiration
  • What is the primary purpose of a frozen section in surgical pathology?

  • To determine if a mass is malignant or not quickly (correct)
  • To conduct a meticulous microscopic examination
  • To perform a detailed gross examination
  • To obtain tissue fixation
  • Which characteristic best describes the process of gross examination in surgical pathology?

  • It aims to determine molecular changes in the tissue
  • It includes tissue fixation using formalin
  • It focuses on observing tissues without magnification (correct)
  • It involves detailed cell analysis under a microscope
  • Which factor is a disadvantage of using formalin for tissue fixation in surgical pathology?

    <p>It impedes subsequent immunohistochemical staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performing a frozen section?

    <p>To assess if a lesion is benign or malignant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In surgical pathology, which type of mass is generally considered least suitable for frozen sectioning?

    <p>Kidney mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended size of tissue specimens for a frozen section?

    <p>Less than 1cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of microscopic examination in surgical pathology?

    <p>To identify cellular abnormalities at a cellular level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure used to create thin sections for frozen sections?

    <p>Freezing in liquid nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are thyroid tissues considered inappropriate for frozen section analysis?

    <p>Thyroid follicular lesions are difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are sentinel lymph nodes typically assessed during a frozen section?

    <p>To check for metastatic involvement in breast carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a frozen section and a permanent section?

    <p>Frozen sections are performed intraoperatively while permanent sections are done postoperatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a gross examination in surgical pathology?

    <p>To determine the size and shape of the specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In surgical pathology, what is the recommended approach when dealing with ulcerated lesions?

    <p>Perform peripheral biopsies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using the paraffin embedding method in surgical pathology?

    <p>To enable sectioning of tissues for microscopic study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When collecting specimens for biopsy, what should be avoided according to general rules?

    <p>Crushing or squeezing the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a frozen section in the context of surgical pathology?

    <p>To analyze tissues during intra-operative procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In surgical pathology, which type of biopsy involves both diagnosis and treatment?

    <p>Incisional biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding necrotic and hemorrhagic areas when collecting biopsy specimens?

    <p>To maintain specimen integrity for microscopic examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended not to crush, squeeze, or do cautery during specimen collection for biopsy?

    <p>To avoid altering the tissue architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In surgical pathology, why is paraffin embedding a widely-used procedure?

    <p>To preserve specimens for long-term storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of biopsy would be recommended for an ulcerated lesion that includes a tumor?

    <p>Peripheral biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using the frozen section technique in intra-operative evaluations?

    <p>Rapid confirmation of diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to orientate specimens correctly before processing them in surgical pathology?

    <p>To minimize tissue manipulation during sectioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using xylene during the paraffin section procedure?

    <p>To clear the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to dehydrate tissue during the paraffin section procedure?

    <p>To enhance tissue embedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying mounting media (Permount) after staining in the paraffin section procedure?

    <p>To protect the stained sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to use gradient concentrations of alcohol during rehydration in the paraffin section procedure?

    <p>To eliminate xylene residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does formalin play in the fixation step of the paraffin section procedure?

    <p>To prevent tissue autolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to attach thin sections to positively charged slides in the paraffin section procedure?

    <p>To improve tissue adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specimen would be least suitable for frozen sectioning in the context of surgical pathology?

    <p>Hard lymph node in the neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of frozen section analysis?

    <p>Quick diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are biopsy specimens required to be properly fixed in surgical pathology?

    <p>To prevent decomposition and autolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key disadvantage of using formalin for tissue fixation in surgical pathology?

    <p>Potential DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In surgical pathology, which method is typically used to create thin sections for permanent histological examination?

    <p>Formalin fixation and paraffin embedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a general rule for collecting appropriate specimens for biopsy in surgical pathology?

    <p>Collect the specimen in a sterile container without fixatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended ratio of fixative volume to specimen volume?

    <p>1:10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fixative is mentioned to be suitable for most histological purposes?

    <p>10% Neutral buffered formalin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage associated with using formalin for tissue fixation?

    <p>Need for frequent change due to formic acid formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does formalin need to be changed every 3-6 months?

    <p>To avoid formic acid formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes formalin advantageous in preserving tissues?

    <p>Preservation of fat &amp; RBC well</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences the penetration rate of fixative into tissues?

    <p>Consistency of the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing ganglion cells in the large intestinal wall of Hirschsprung disease using frozen section?

    <p>To diagnose Hirschsprung disease definitively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is waiting for a permanent section recommended in cases where a specific diagnosis cannot be made with a frozen section?

    <p>Permanent sections offer better preservation of tissue architecture and cellular details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind placing fresh tissues in plastic bags for frozen section analysis?

    <p>To maintain tissue moisture and prevent drying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of frozen section analysis, why are thyroid tissues considered challenging?

    <p>Thyroid follicular lesions cannot be easily differentiated as benign or malignant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for promptly sending specimens for frozen section examination?

    <p>To ensure optimal tissue preservation for accurate diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to label specimens clearly on their plastic bags for frozen section analysis?

    <p>To prevent mix-ups or misidentification during examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

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