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Questions and Answers
What is the minimum temperature at which hyperthermia becomes a life-threatening medical emergency?
What is the minimum temperature at which hyperthermia becomes a life-threatening medical emergency?
What is a common symptom of hyperthermia?
What is a common symptom of hyperthermia?
What is the Fahrenheit equivalent of 40 °C?
What is the Fahrenheit equivalent of 40 °C?
What is another common symptom of hyperthermia?
What is another common symptom of hyperthermia?
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What is the severity of hyperthermia at or above 40 °C?
What is the severity of hyperthermia at or above 40 °C?
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What is a common cause of tachycardia?
What is a common cause of tachycardia?
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Which of the following conditions is not a cause of tachycardia?
Which of the following conditions is not a cause of tachycardia?
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What is a potential consequence of hypoxia?
What is a potential consequence of hypoxia?
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Which of the following is a cardiovascular response to fever?
Which of the following is a cardiovascular response to fever?
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What is a potential complication of anemia?
What is a potential complication of anemia?
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What is the primary reason for maintaining a narrow range of core temperature?
What is the primary reason for maintaining a narrow range of core temperature?
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What is the consequence of deviating from the narrow range of core temperature?
What is the consequence of deviating from the narrow range of core temperature?
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What is the relationship between core temperature and enzymatic reactions?
What is the relationship between core temperature and enzymatic reactions?
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What is the primary function of maintaining a narrow range of core temperature?
What is the primary function of maintaining a narrow range of core temperature?
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Why is it essential to maintain a narrow range of core temperature?
Why is it essential to maintain a narrow range of core temperature?
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Which nerve type increases heart rate?
Which nerve type increases heart rate?
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What is the effect of increased levels of O2 on heart rate?
What is the effect of increased levels of O2 on heart rate?
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What is the effect of increased thyroid hormones on heart rate?
What is the effect of increased thyroid hormones on heart rate?
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What is the effect of increased potassium levels on heart rate?
What is the effect of increased potassium levels on heart rate?
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What is the effect of increased body temperature on heart rate?
What is the effect of increased body temperature on heart rate?
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What is the effect of nicotine and caffeine on heart rate?
What is the effect of nicotine and caffeine on heart rate?
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What is the effect of cardioinhibitor nerves on heart rate?
What is the effect of cardioinhibitor nerves on heart rate?
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Where is the facial artery located?
Where is the facial artery located?
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What is the effect of decreased baroreceptors activity on heart rate?
What is the effect of decreased baroreceptors activity on heart rate?
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What is the name of the artery near the ear?
What is the name of the artery near the ear?
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What is the effect of limbic system anticipation of physical exercise on heart rate?
What is the effect of limbic system anticipation of physical exercise on heart rate?
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Which artery is not located on the face?
Which artery is not located on the face?
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Where is the posterior auricular artery located?
Where is the posterior auricular artery located?
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What is the effect of increased catecholamine on heart rate?
What is the effect of increased catecholamine on heart rate?
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Which of the following arteries is not mentioned in the text?
Which of the following arteries is not mentioned in the text?
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Study Notes
Pathological Conditions and Tachycardia
- Tachycardia occurs in conditions such as sepsis, fever, anemia, hypoxia, and hyperthermia above 40°C (104°F)
- Hyperthermia above 40°C (104°F) is a life-threatening medical emergency requiring immediate treatment, with symptoms including headache, confusion, and fatigue
Factors Affecting Heart Rate and Contraction
Factors Increasing Heart Rate and Contraction
- Cardioaccelerator nerves release norepinephrine, increasing heart rate and force of contraction
- Proprioceptors increase heart rate during exercise
- Chemoreceptors increase heart rate in response to decreased O2, increased H+, CO2, and lactic acid
- Decreased baroreceptor firing indicates falling blood volume/pressure, increasing heart rate and contraction
- Limbic system anticipation of physical exercise or strong emotions increases heart rate and contraction
- Catecholamine increases epinephrine and norepinephrine, increasing heart rate and contraction
- Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 increase heart rate and contraction
- Increased calcium (Ca2+) increases heart rate and contraction
- Decreased potassium (K+) increases heart rate and contraction
- Decreased sodium (Na+) increases heart rate and contraction
- Increased body temperature increases heart rate and contraction
- Nicotine and caffeine stimulate heart rate and contraction
Factors Decreasing Heart Rate and Contraction
- Cardioinhibitor nerves (vagus) release acetylcholine, decreasing heart rate and contraction
- Proprioceptors decrease heart rate following exercise
- Chemoreceptors decrease heart rate in response to increased O2, decreased H+ and CO2
- Increased baroreceptor firing indicates higher blood volume/pressure, decreasing heart rate and contraction
- Limbic system anticipation of relaxation decreases heart rate and contraction
- Decreased catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) decreases heart rate and contraction
- Decreased thyroid hormones T3 and T4 decrease heart rate and contraction
- Decreased calcium (Ca2+) decreases heart rate and contraction
- Increased potassium (K+) decreases heart rate and contraction
- Decreased body temperature decreases heart rate and contraction
Measuring Heart Rate
- Possible points for measuring heart rate include the lateral edge of the mandible (facial artery) and the side of the head near the ear (posterior auricular artery)
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Description
This quiz covers various pathological conditions where tachycardia occurs, including sepsis, fever, anemia, and hypoxia. Test your knowledge of these conditions and their relationships with tachycardia.
