30 Questions
What is the minimum temperature at which hyperthermia becomes a life-threatening medical emergency?
40 °C
What is a common symptom of hyperthermia?
Fatigue
What is the Fahrenheit equivalent of 40 °C?
104 °F
What is another common symptom of hyperthermia?
Confusion
What is the severity of hyperthermia at or above 40 °C?
Life-threatening medical emergency
What is a common cause of tachycardia?
Sepsis
Which of the following conditions is not a cause of tachycardia?
Hypertension
What is a potential consequence of hypoxia?
Tachycardia
Which of the following is a cardiovascular response to fever?
Tachycardia
What is a potential complication of anemia?
Tachycardia
What is the primary reason for maintaining a narrow range of core temperature?
To enable essential enzymatic reactions to occur
What is the consequence of deviating from the narrow range of core temperature?
Enzymatic reactions occur at a slower rate
What is the relationship between core temperature and enzymatic reactions?
Core temperature is optimal for enzymatic reactions within a narrow range
What is the primary function of maintaining a narrow range of core temperature?
To enable essential enzymatic reactions to occur
Why is it essential to maintain a narrow range of core temperature?
To enable essential enzymatic reactions to occur
Which nerve type increases heart rate?
Cardioaccelerator nerves
What is the effect of increased levels of O2 on heart rate?
Decreased heart rate
What is the effect of increased thyroid hormones on heart rate?
Increased heart rate
What is the effect of increased potassium levels on heart rate?
Decreased heart rate
What is the effect of increased body temperature on heart rate?
Increased heart rate
What is the effect of nicotine and caffeine on heart rate?
Increased heart rate
What is the effect of cardioinhibitor nerves on heart rate?
Decreased heart rate
Where is the facial artery located?
The lateral edge of the mandible
What is the effect of decreased baroreceptors activity on heart rate?
Increased heart rate
What is the name of the artery near the ear?
Posterior auricular artery
What is the effect of limbic system anticipation of physical exercise on heart rate?
Increased heart rate
Which artery is not located on the face?
Occipital artery
Where is the posterior auricular artery located?
On the side of the head near the ear
What is the effect of increased catecholamine on heart rate?
Increased heart rate
Which of the following arteries is not mentioned in the text?
Temporal artery
Study Notes
Pathological Conditions and Tachycardia
- Tachycardia occurs in conditions such as sepsis, fever, anemia, hypoxia, and hyperthermia above 40°C (104°F)
- Hyperthermia above 40°C (104°F) is a life-threatening medical emergency requiring immediate treatment, with symptoms including headache, confusion, and fatigue
Factors Affecting Heart Rate and Contraction
Factors Increasing Heart Rate and Contraction
- Cardioaccelerator nerves release norepinephrine, increasing heart rate and force of contraction
- Proprioceptors increase heart rate during exercise
- Chemoreceptors increase heart rate in response to decreased O2, increased H+, CO2, and lactic acid
- Decreased baroreceptor firing indicates falling blood volume/pressure, increasing heart rate and contraction
- Limbic system anticipation of physical exercise or strong emotions increases heart rate and contraction
- Catecholamine increases epinephrine and norepinephrine, increasing heart rate and contraction
- Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 increase heart rate and contraction
- Increased calcium (Ca2+) increases heart rate and contraction
- Decreased potassium (K+) increases heart rate and contraction
- Decreased sodium (Na+) increases heart rate and contraction
- Increased body temperature increases heart rate and contraction
- Nicotine and caffeine stimulate heart rate and contraction
Factors Decreasing Heart Rate and Contraction
- Cardioinhibitor nerves (vagus) release acetylcholine, decreasing heart rate and contraction
- Proprioceptors decrease heart rate following exercise
- Chemoreceptors decrease heart rate in response to increased O2, decreased H+ and CO2
- Increased baroreceptor firing indicates higher blood volume/pressure, decreasing heart rate and contraction
- Limbic system anticipation of relaxation decreases heart rate and contraction
- Decreased catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) decreases heart rate and contraction
- Decreased thyroid hormones T3 and T4 decrease heart rate and contraction
- Decreased calcium (Ca2+) decreases heart rate and contraction
- Increased potassium (K+) decreases heart rate and contraction
- Decreased body temperature decreases heart rate and contraction
Measuring Heart Rate
- Possible points for measuring heart rate include the lateral edge of the mandible (facial artery) and the side of the head near the ear (posterior auricular artery)
This quiz covers various pathological conditions where tachycardia occurs, including sepsis, fever, anemia, and hypoxia. Test your knowledge of these conditions and their relationships with tachycardia.
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