Pathological changes in renal failure

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Questions and Answers

What vascular disorder is associated with hypertension and is characterized by 'onion skin,' concentric, laminated thickening of arteriolar walls and luminal narrowing?

  • Dissecting aneurysm
  • Hyaline arteriolosclerosis (correct)
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Malignant hypertension

What is the consequence of increased demands placed on the heart by hypertension?

  • Ventricular atrophy
  • Cardiac dilation
  • Myocardial ischemia
  • Ventricular hypertrophy (correct)

What percentage of cerebrovascular disease is attributed to inadequate management of hypertension?

  • 49%
  • 62% (correct)
  • 32%
  • 75%

What type of changes are particularly prominent in the kidney in malignant hypertension?

<p>Fibrinoid deposits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adaptive response involves adding sarcomeres in parallel to the original sarcomeres in myocardial hypertrophy due to pressure overload?

<p>Remodeling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common physiologically definable cause of secondary hypertension?

<p>Renal disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the pathological consequences of raised arterial pressure on large arterial blood vessels?

<p>Atherosclerosis development with unique lesion structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes hyaline arteriolosclerosis associated with benign hypertension?

<p>Arteriolar narrowing from plasma component leakage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hyaline arteriolosclerosis contribute to nephrosclerosis in the kidneys?

<p>Leads to glomerular scarring through vascular compromise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the selective responses to hypertension in vascular walls?

<p>Smooth muscle hyperplasia and collagen deposition in large arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism primarily associated with all forms of established hypertension?

<p>Increased resistance in the arterioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not a cause of essential (idiopathic) hypertension?

<p>Increased cardiac output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are systolic pressures between 140 and 159 mm Hg suggestive of?

<p>Benign hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the group with uncontrolled hypertension and high blood pressures, what is the immediate action recommended?

<p>Initiate treatment immediately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is vital to consider in patients with systolic pressures between 140 and 159 mm Hg or diastolic pressures between 90 and 99 mm Hg before deciding on treatment?

<p>Total peripheral resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathological consequence of raised arterial pressure in systemic hypertensive heart disease?

<p>Left ventricular hypertrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by marked thickening of the left ventricular wall leading to reduced lumen size?

<p>Systemic hypertensive heart disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of left atrial dilation in systemic hypertensive heart disease?

<p>Impaired diastolic relaxation of the left ventricle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In chronic cor pulmonale, what is primarily observed in the right ventricle?

<p>Hypertrophy and thickened free wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of increased left ventricular wall thickness over time in systemic hypertensive heart disease?

<p>Impaired diastolic filling and left atrial dilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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