20 Questions
What vascular disorder is associated with hypertension and is characterized by 'onion skin,' concentric, laminated thickening of arteriolar walls and luminal narrowing?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
What is the consequence of increased demands placed on the heart by hypertension?
Ventricular hypertrophy
What percentage of cerebrovascular disease is attributed to inadequate management of hypertension?
62%
What type of changes are particularly prominent in the kidney in malignant hypertension?
Fibrinoid deposits
What adaptive response involves adding sarcomeres in parallel to the original sarcomeres in myocardial hypertrophy due to pressure overload?
Remodeling
What is the most common physiologically definable cause of secondary hypertension?
Renal disease
What are the pathological consequences of raised arterial pressure on large arterial blood vessels?
Atherosclerosis development with unique lesion structure
What characterizes hyaline arteriolosclerosis associated with benign hypertension?
Arteriolar narrowing from plasma component leakage
How does hyaline arteriolosclerosis contribute to nephrosclerosis in the kidneys?
Leads to glomerular scarring through vascular compromise
What are the selective responses to hypertension in vascular walls?
Smooth muscle hyperplasia and collagen deposition in large arteries
What is the mechanism primarily associated with all forms of established hypertension?
Increased resistance in the arterioles
Which factor is not a cause of essential (idiopathic) hypertension?
Increased cardiac output
What are systolic pressures between 140 and 159 mm Hg suggestive of?
Benign hypertension
In the group with uncontrolled hypertension and high blood pressures, what is the immediate action recommended?
Initiate treatment immediately
Which factor is vital to consider in patients with systolic pressures between 140 and 159 mm Hg or diastolic pressures between 90 and 99 mm Hg before deciding on treatment?
Total peripheral resistance
What is the pathological consequence of raised arterial pressure in systemic hypertensive heart disease?
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Which condition is characterized by marked thickening of the left ventricular wall leading to reduced lumen size?
Systemic hypertensive heart disease
What is the primary cause of left atrial dilation in systemic hypertensive heart disease?
Impaired diastolic relaxation of the left ventricle
In chronic cor pulmonale, what is primarily observed in the right ventricle?
Hypertrophy and thickened free wall
What is the consequence of increased left ventricular wall thickness over time in systemic hypertensive heart disease?
Impaired diastolic filling and left atrial dilation
Learn about the pathological changes leading to nephron loss and the development of chronic renal failure, including hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis and its relation to hypertension. Understand the structural changes in arteriolar walls and luminal narrowing.
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