Pathogenic Mechanisms of Diseases

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Questions and Answers

What is a rare infection site for microfilariae in the body?

Arms and breasts.

What is a common location for infections caused by microfilariae?

Lower limbs and genitalia.

What condition is associated with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia?

Diffuse filarial lung disease.

What triggers tropical pulmonary eosinophilia?

Immunologic hyper-responsiveness to microfilarial antigens. Signup and view all the answers

How does tropical pulmonary eosinophilia affect the pulmonary vascular system?

It leads to local destruction of microfilariae in the pulmonary vascular system. Signup and view all the answers

What type of lung disease is characterized by diffuse interstitial involvement?

Diffuse interstitial lung disease. Signup and view all the answers

What role do microfilarial antigens play in the infection process?

They stimulate an immune response in the host. Signup and view all the answers

Which areas of the body are least likely to experience microfilariae infections?

The arms and breasts. Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary pathogenic mechanisms of this disease?

The primary pathogenic mechanisms are mainly attributed to the adults of the disease. Signup and view all the answers

How do microfilariae contribute to the disease's pathogenicity?

Microfilariae seem to have no pathogenic manifestations despite being associated with the disease. Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation is associated with the microfilariae in this disease?

Granulomatous inflammation is associated with microfilariae, particularly affecting the lungs, liver, and spleen. Signup and view all the answers

What organs are primarily affected by granulomatous inflammation linked to this disease?

The lungs, liver, and spleen are primarily affected by granulomatous inflammation associated with this disease. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of this disease, how does granulomatous inflammation manifest?

Granulomatous inflammation manifests as a chronic inflammatory response in affected organs. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn regarding the pathogenicity of microfilariae?

Microfilariae are not pathogenic by themselves, but they can trigger granulomatous inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the role of adult forms in the disease's pathogenic mechanisms.

Adult forms are primarily responsible for the pathogenic mechanisms, leading to various disease manifestations. Signup and view all the answers

How might understanding the role of granulomatous inflammation in this disease aid in treatment?

Understanding this role can facilitate targeted therapies aimed at modulating the immune response to reduce inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common symptoms associated with lymphadenitis?

Common symptoms include fever, chills, headache, vomiting, and malaise. Signup and view all the answers

What hematological changes are typically observed in lymphadenitis?

Leucocytosis and eosinophilia are typically observed. Signup and view all the answers

How does fibrosis contribute to chronic obstructive manifestations?

Fibrosis leads to changes in lymphatic structure, causing obstruction and dysfunction. Signup and view all the answers

What specific complications arise from lymphatic obstruction due to fibrosis?

Complications can include hydrocele, scrotal lymphoedema, and lymphatic varices. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of coiled worms in lymphatics concerning inflammation?

Coiled worms can cause inflammatory fibrosis which leads to chronic obstruction in lymphatics. Signup and view all the answers

How might lymphadenitis symptoms differ in the groin compared to other regions?

In the groin, symptoms may be more pronounced due to nearby structures and lymphatic drainage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of eosinophilia in the context of lymphadenitis?

Eosinophilia can indicate allergic reactions or parasitic infections contributing to inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how endothelial proliferation is related to chronic obstructive manifestations.

Endothelial proliferation contributes to lymphatic obstruction and can result in dilated lymphatics. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Pathogenic Mechanisms

Pathogenic mechanisms primarily involve adult worms; microfilariae typically lack direct pathogenic effects.
Microfilariae are linked to granulomatous inflammation in the lungs, liver, and spleen.

Common Infection Sites

Infection commonly affects lower limbs and genital regions, including scrotum, penis, and vulva.
Rarely seen in arms and breasts.

Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia

Result of the host's hyper-responsiveness to microfilarial antigens.
Causes local destruction of microfilariae within the pulmonary vascular system, leading to diffuse interstitial lung disease.
Symptoms include lymphadenitis, particularly in the groin and axilla.

Symptoms

Key symptoms include fever, chills, headache, vomiting, and malaise.
Laboratory findings often reveal leucocytosis and eosinophilia.

Chronic Obstructive Manifestations

Chronic obstruction arises from fibrosis due to ongoing inflammation.
Presence of coiled worms within lymphatics leads to endothelial proliferation.

Consequences of Obstruction

Results in dilatation of lymphatics, causing varicosities, especially in genital organs.
Associated conditions include hydrocele and scrotal lymphoedema.
Abdominal wall varicosities may also occur.