Passive Range of Motion Assessment

What type of end feel is characterized by an abrupt hard stop caused by bone contacting bone?

Which end feel indicates a movement stopped by the tension in a muscle, providing a springy sensation?

What must a therapist assess to classify motion as either capsular or non-capsular?

What is the term used for the sensation felt at the extreme of the passive range of motion that indicates movement limitations?

Which type of end feel occurs when two body surfaces compress together, such as during passive knee flexion?

Which factor would NOT typically require additional precautions during a ROM assessment?

What is the primary purpose of assessing active range of motion?

What might be a cause of decreased active range of motion?

In which situation requires extreme caution when assessing ROM?

What is a potential reason for a patient's unwillingness to move during active ROM assessment?

Passive Range of Motion Assessment

Measures the amount of movement possible at a joint.
Therapist moves body segments through a range of motion (ROM).
Estimates each joint's ROM, determines the movement's quality, and the end feel.
Determines if a capsular or non-capsular movement pattern is present.
Notes any pain.
Repeats the passive ROM measurements and records them using a goniometer.

End Feel

Sensation transmitted to the therapist's hands at the extreme of the passive ROM.
Indicates the structures limiting joint movement.

Normal (Physiologic) End Feels

Hard (Bony): Abrupt, hard stop when bone contacts bone. E.g., passive elbow extension.
Soft (Soft Tissue Opposition): Soft compression of tissue when two body surfaces come together. E.g., passive knee flexion.
Firm (Soft Tissue Stretch): Firm or springy sensation with some give when a muscle is stretched. E.g., passive ankle dorsiflexion with knee extension.
Capsular Stretch: Hard arrest with some give when the joint capsule or ligaments are stretched. E.g., passive shoulder external rotation.

Precautions for ROM Assessment

Infections or inflammatory processes in or around a joint.
Pain or muscle relaxant medications.
Significant osteoporosis.
Hypermobile or subluxed joint.
Painful conditions where the assessment might exacerbate symptoms.
Hematoma regions, especially at the elbow, hip, or knee.
Joints where bony ankylosis is suspected.

Active Range of Motion Assessment

Patient performs all active movements normally occurring at the affected joint(s).
Therapist observes the patient performing each active movement one at a time, and if possible, bilaterally and symmetrically.
Active ROM provides information about the patient's willingness to move and coordination.

Possible Causes of Decreased Active ROM

Restricted joint mobility
Muscle weakness
Pain
Inability to follow instructions
Unwillingness to move

This quiz covers the assessment of passive range of motion (ROM) in joints, focusing on measuring movement quality and end feel. It explores normal end feels including hard, soft, and firm sensations experienced during joint movement. Understanding these concepts is crucial for therapists in determining movement limitations and pain assessment.