Passive and Active Range of Motion Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Passive ROM' (PROM) refer to?

Movement requiring assistance from an outside force

Movement produced by voluntary muscle contraction

Movement produced entirely by an external force (correct)

Movement within unrestricted range without any external influence

Which of the following terms best describes the full motion possible for a joint?

Passive insufficiency

Range of Motion (ROM) (correct)

Functional excursion

Active insufficiency

What condition indicates the use of Passive ROM (PROM)?

A patient recovering from an injury

A patient with active participation in exercise

A patient who is comatose or paralyzed (correct)

A patient with strong muscle contraction ability

What is the main purpose of Active-Assisted ROM (A-AROM)?

To provide assistance from an external source during movement Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'active insufficiency' refer to in muscle function?

Inability to generate sufficient tension across all joints Signup and view all the answers

How is joint range typically measured and recorded?

In degrees using a goniometer Signup and view all the answers

What can limit the Range of Motion (ROM) at a joint?

Length of the muscle and soft tissue integrity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states the difference between PROM and passive stretching?

PROM is produced entirely by an external force Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of Active Range of Motion (AROM)?

Provide sensory feedback from contracting muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of AROM?

It cannot maintain or increase strength in strong muscles Signup and view all the answers

When is self-assisted range of motion (S-AROM) typically recommended?

After surgery when more intensive contraction is contraindicated Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about precautions to ROM exercises is correct?

ROM is contraindicated immediately after acute tears and fractures Signup and view all the answers

What does AROM NOT help develop according to the provided information?

Skill in movement patterns not used Signup and view all the answers

How can a patient with unilateral weakness utilize their uninvolved extremity?

Assist in moving the involved limb Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a goal of AROM related to circulation?

Prevent thrombus formation Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored closely when implementing early controlled motion?

Patient's tolerance to movement Signup and view all the answers

What does continuous passive motion (CPM) primarily aim to prevent in joints?

Development of adhesions and contractures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the initial arc of motion commonly used in CPM?

20˚ to 30˚ Signup and view all the answers

Which equipment is NOT typically used for self-assisted range of motion (ROM) exercises?

Treadmill Signup and view all the answers

What is a common device used for passive motion that can be applied immediately after surgery?

Continuous passive motion machine Signup and view all the answers

How often is the rate of motion typically set for a CPM device?

1 cycle per 45 seconds or 2 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a stated benefit of using CPM machines?

Enhances synovial fluid lubrication Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration for using CPM machines according to general guidelines?

Less than 1 week or when a satisfactory range of motion is reached Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered when determining the rate and arc of motion for CPM?

Physical therapist's preference Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary indication for using Continuous Passive Motion (CPM)?

Pain relief for chronic low back pain Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a contraindication for the use of CPM?

Unstable fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a precaution when using ROM techniques?

Significant bleeding Signup and view all the answers

During the examination and evaluation phase of ROM techniques, which of the following steps is NOT included?

Prescribe exercises without evaluation Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical planes of motion should be considered when deciding on ROM patterns?

Frontal, sagittal, transverse Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for patient preparation prior to applying ROM techniques?

Free the region from restrictive clothing and dressings Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle range of elongation pattern is considered when applying ROM techniques?

Antagonistic to the line of pull of the muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect should NOT be documented during the application of ROM techniques?

The personal opinion of the therapist Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main goals of PROM?

Enhance synovial movement for cartilage nutrition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of PROM?

It can increase endurance Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is AAROM indicated?

When patients can partially assist in their movements Signup and view all the answers

What is a purpose of using PROM when preparing a patient for stretching?

To demonstrate the desired motion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a goal of passive range of motion exercises?

To maintain mechanical elasticity of muscle Signup and view all the answers

When is PROM most effectively used by a therapist?

To evaluate joint stability and soft tissue elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What can be a beneficial outcome of performing PROM?

Decreasing the likelihood of contractures Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of AROM in rehabilitation?

It allows the integration of aerobic conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when positioning a patient for range of motion (ROM) exercises?

Positioning the patient for comfort and body alignment Signup and view all the answers

Which technique should be avoided when performing passive range of motion (PROM)?

Forcing movement beyond the available range Signup and view all the answers

How should one move the extremity during ROM exercises?

Smoothly and rhythmically with repetitions Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between passive range of motion (PROM) and active range of motion (AROM)?

PROM utilizes external forces for movement, while AROM is initiated by the patient Signup and view all the answers

When transitioning from PROM to AROM, which factor significantly affects the movement?

The impact of gravity on the patient's strength Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of range of motion exercises should the patient NOT provide active resistance?

During PROM exercises Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a consideration when grasping the extremity during ROM exercises?

Applying force beyond the joint limits Signup and view all the answers

What should be the primary focus when performing ROM exercises for a patient with hypermobile joints?

Providing additional support to the joints Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ROM Exercise Overview

ROM exercise is a technique to examine and initiate movement for therapeutic intervention.
Joint structure, soft tissue integrity and flexibility impact the amount of motion possible.
The full range of motion is called ROM.

Types of ROM Exercises

Passive ROM (PROM): Movement produced by an external force, no voluntary muscle contraction. Not synonymous with passive stretching.
Active ROM (AROM): Movement produced by active contraction of muscles crossing the joint.
Active-Assisted ROM (A-AROM): A type of AROM with assistance from an outside force.

Indications for Passive ROM (PROM)

Acute, inflamed tissue.
Patient unable to actively move (e.g., comatose, paralyzed, complete bed rest).

Goals for Passive ROM (PROM)

Reduce complications of immobilization
Maintain joint and connective tissue mobility.
Minimize formation of contractures.
Maintain muscle elasticity.
Assist circulation and vascular dynamics.
Enhance synovial movement for cartilage nutrition and material diffusion.
Decrease or inhibit pain.
Aid in healing after injury or surgery.
Maintain patient awareness of movement.

Other Uses for PROM

Determine limitations of motion, joint stability, muscle flexibility, and soft tissue elasticity during examinations.
Demonstrate desired motion when teaching active exercises.
Prepare patients for stretching using passive stretching techniques.
Determine end-feels of range.

Limitations of Passive ROM (PROM)

Difficult to obtain true passive range when muscles are innervated and the patient is conscious.
Does not prevent muscle atrophy, increase strength, or significantly assist circulation compared to active muscle contractions.

Indications for Active ROM (AROM) and Active-Assisted ROM (A-AROM)

When a patient can contract muscles actively, with or without assistance.
Aerobic conditioning programs.
Relieving stress from sustained postures.
Weak musculature or inability to move through full range of motion.
Immobilized body segments to maintain nearby areas in a normal condition and prepare for new activities.

Goals for Active ROM (AROM)

Maintain physiological elasticity and contractility of muscles involved.
Provide sensory feedback from contracting muscles.
Stimulate bone and joint tissue integrity.
Enhance circulation and prevent thrombus formation.
Develop coordination and motor skills for functional activities.

Limitations of Active ROM (AROM)

Does not maintain or increase strength in strong muscles.
Does not develop motor skills or coordination except for used movement patterns.

Precautions and Contraindications to ROM Exercises

Contraindicated immediately after acute tears, fractures, or surgery, but early controlled motion is acceptable if patient tolerates it.
Avoid disruptive motions to the healing process.
Avoid signs of excessive pain or inflammation.
Don't proceed with ROM if the patient's condition is life-threatening.
Use caution with patients who have unstable fractures, uncontrolled infections, spasticity, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or poor compliance.
Avoid motions that cause significant bleeding, sensory impairments, compromised joint soft tissue constraints, skin irritation, or pain in the involved extremity.

Self-Assisted ROM

Patient involvement begins as soon as possible to understand and learn self-care.
Used after surgery or trauma to protect healing tissues from more intensive muscle contraction.
May be incorporated into a home exercise program.
Patients with unilateral weakness or paralysis during early recovery may use uninvolved extremity.

Equipment for ROM Exercises

Wand (T-Bar)
Wall climbing/finger ladder
Overhead pulleys
Skateboard/powder board
Reciprocal exercise unit

Continuous Passive Motion (CPM)

Passive motion performed by a mechanical device that moves a joint.
Controlled range of motion.
Helpful after certain surgical procedures to lessen negative effects of immobilization and improve recovery rate.

Benefits of CPM

Reduces immobilization's negative impacts.
Can improve recovery rate.
Prevents adhesions, contractures, and joint stiffness.
Enhances tendon and ligament healing.
Enhances synovial fluid lubrication for cartilage healing.
Prevents immobilization's degrading effects.
Reduces post-operative pain.

General Guidelines for CPM

Apply the device to the affected extremity immediately after surgery or as soon as possible.
Start with a limited arc of motion (e.g., 20-30 degrees).
Gradually increase the arc of motion by 10-15 degrees per day as tolerated.
Maintain a consistent rate of motion (e.g., 1 cycle every 45 seconds or 2 minutes).

Duration of CPM

Usually less than a week or until satisfactory range of motion is achieved.
Can sometimes be used at home.

Indications for CPM

Chronic low back pain (LBP).
Extensive joint contractures.
Joint reconstructive surgery or arthroplasty (e.g., knee, ACL reconstruction, rotator cuff, elbow).
Surgical procedures involving cartilage that require non-weight bearing.

Contraindications for CPM

Unstable fracture.
Uncontrolled/untreated infection.
Spastic paralysis.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Poor patient compliance

CPM Precautions

Significant bleeding.
Sensory impairments.
Compromised joint soft tissues.
Skin irritation.
May cause extremity pain.

Principles and Procedures for Applying ROM Techniques

Grasp the extremity around the joints. Modify grip if joints are painful.
Support areas with poor structural integrity (hypermobile joints, recent fractures, paralysis).
Move the segment through its complete pain-free range up to the point of resistance. Avoid forcing beyond available range.
Perform motions smoothly and rhythmically, with 5 to 10 repetitions (depending on the program's goals and patient's response).

Examination, Evaluation, and Treatment Planning

Evaluate patient's impairment and function.
Determine patient's ability to participate.
Determine safe ROM application amounts.
Identify anatomic and functional motion patterns.
Monitor the patient's conditions and responses.
Document and communicate findings and interventions.
Re-evaluate and modify interventions as needed.

Patient Preparation

Communicate treatment plan to the patient.
Free the affected area from restrictive clothing, linens, splints, and dressings.
Position the patient comfortably with proper body alignment and stabilization for available ROM.
Position yourself for proper body mechanics.

Examination, Evaluation, and Treatment Planning for ROM Techniques

Evaluate patient impairments and functionality.
Assess patient's participation ability and suitability for varied ROM exercises (PROM, A-AROM, AROM)..
Determine safe amount of movement possible.
Decide on appropriate motion patterns for treatment (anatomical planes, muscle range elongation, combined patterns, functional patterns).
Monitor patient's overall condition and responses during treatment.
Document and communicate findings and treatment plan.
Reassess and regularly modify the course of action if necessary.

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Description

Test your understanding of Passive Range of Motion (PROM) and Active Range of Motion (AROM) with this quiz. It covers essential concepts including joint movement, muscle function, and limitations of ROM exercises. Perfect for students in physical therapy or related fields.