HIST-C L1 ENDO
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the pineal gland?

  • Controls body temperature
  • Secretes insulin
  • Regulates the circadian rhythm (correct)
  • Produces growth hormone

Where is the pineal gland located?

  • Within the optic chiasm
  • Near the pituitary gland
  • At the posterior wall of the third ventricle (correct)
  • At the base of the brain

What are the chief cells of the pineal gland called?

  • Interstitial cells
  • Pancreatic cells
  • Pinealocytes (correct)
  • Islet cells

What do interstitial (glial) cells in the pineal gland closely resemble?

<p>Astrocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stored in the expanded terminals of the nerve fibers known as Herring bodies?

<p>Vasopressin and oxytocin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are present in the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland?

<p>Basophils (corticotrophs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamohypophyseal tract (HT) as mentioned in the text?

<p>Transport of axons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells secrete thyroid hormones when active?

<p>Epithelial thyroid follicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endocrine cells are found in the Pars Distalis of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

<p>Somatotrophs, mammotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, and gonadotrophs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is secreted by the somatotrophs located in the Pars Distalis of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

<p>Growth hormone (GH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Pars Tuberalis located in relation to the pituitary gland?

<p>Encircling the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of cells are most abundant in the Pars Tuberalis?

<p>Gonadotrophs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the Parafollicular Cells located?

<p>At the periphery of follicles in the thyroid gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Parafollicular Cells secrete?

<p>Calcitonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the Oxyphil cells found?

<p>Parathyroid glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the parathyroid glands?

<p>Regulation of calcium levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and what is its function?

<p>Acidophils, which secrete growth hormone (GH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are endocrine cells found in the body?

<p>In three distinct anatomic distributions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of endocrine cells present in the Pars Distalis of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

<p>Acidophils and basophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the thyroid gland?

<p>Production and secretion of thyroid hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are present in the Pars Intermedia of the pituitary gland?

<p>Corticotrophs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stored in the Herring bodies within the pituitary gland?

<p>Vasopressin and oxytocin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the spherical structures called follicles in the thyroid gland contain?

<p>Thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pineal gland?

<p>Regulates the circadian rhythm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pineal gland located?

<p>Posterior wall of the third ventricle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cells are responsible for secreting melatonin in the pineal gland?

<p>Pinealocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the endocrine pancreas?

<p>Islets of Langerhans and acini (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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