HIST-C L1 ENDO
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the pineal gland?

  • Controls body temperature
  • Secretes insulin
  • Regulates the circadian rhythm (correct)
  • Produces growth hormone

    • Where is the pineal gland located?

  • Within the optic chiasm
  • Near the pituitary gland
  • At the posterior wall of the third ventricle (correct)
  • At the base of the brain

    • What are the chief cells of the pineal gland called?

  • Interstitial cells
  • Pancreatic cells
  • Pinealocytes (correct)
  • Islet cells

    • What do interstitial (glial) cells in the pineal gland closely resemble?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stored in the expanded terminals of the nerve fibers known as Herring bodies?

    <p>Vasopressin and oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are present in the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland?

    <p>Basophils (corticotrophs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hypothalamohypophyseal tract (HT) as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Transport of axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells secrete thyroid hormones when active?

    <p>Epithelial thyroid follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of endocrine cells are found in the Pars Distalis of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

    <p>Somatotrophs, mammotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, and gonadotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is secreted by the somatotrophs located in the Pars Distalis of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

    <p>Growth hormone (GH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Pars Tuberalis located in relation to the pituitary gland?

    <p>Encircling the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of cells are most abundant in the Pars Tuberalis?

    <p>Gonadotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the Parafollicular Cells located?

    <p>At the periphery of follicles in the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Parafollicular Cells secrete?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the Oxyphil cells found?

    <p>Parathyroid glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Regulation of calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and what is its function?

    <p>Acidophils, which secrete growth hormone (GH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are endocrine cells found in the body?

    <p>In three distinct anatomic distributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different types of endocrine cells present in the Pars Distalis of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

    <p>Acidophils and basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Production and secretion of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are present in the Pars Intermedia of the pituitary gland?

    <p>Corticotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stored in the Herring bodies within the pituitary gland?

    <p>Vasopressin and oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the spherical structures called follicles in the thyroid gland contain?

    <p>Thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pineal gland?

    <p>Regulates the circadian rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the pineal gland located?

    <p>Posterior wall of the third ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells are responsible for secreting melatonin in the pineal gland?

    <p>Pinealocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the endocrine pancreas?

    <p>Islets of Langerhans and acini</p> Signup and view all the answers

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