32 Questions
What is the primary effect of Parkinson's disease on the dopamine system?
Dopamine depletion in the CNS
What is the primary mechanism of action of levodopa in Parkinson's disease treatment?
Crossing the blood-brain barrier to increase dopamine production
What is the primary symptomatic manifestation of Parkinson's disease?
Tremors
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for dopamine synthesis?
Tyrosine hydroxylase
What is the primary reason for avoiding the combination of COMT inhibitors with 5-HT3 antagonists?
Potential for severe hypotension and loss of consciousness
What is the primary mechanism of action of COMT inhibitors?
Inhibition of dopamine breakdown peripherally
Which of the following is a common side effect of entacapone?
Discolored urine
What is the primary difference between MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors?
MAO-A has more side effects than MAO-B
Which of the following is a unique feature of safinamide?
All of the above
What is the primary indication for using tolcapone?
If entacapone is ineffective
What is a rare but potential side effect of tolcapone?
Fatal hepatotoxicity
What is the primary role of COMT in the body?
Breaking down dopamine peripherally
What is the primary reason for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease to develop?
The brain can no longer compensate for the loss of dopamine neurons
What is the main function of Carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
To prevent levodopa from being metabolized peripherally into dopamine
What is the primary mechanism of Levodopa in treating Parkinson's disease?
Exogenously replacing substantia nigra dopamine input into the striatum
What is the most common side effect of Levodopa in older patients?
Delusions, confusion and agitation
What is the primary region of the brain affected in Parkinson's disease?
Substantia nigra
What is the primary cause of the progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra?
Unknown etiology
What is the primary reason for the gradual decrease in effectiveness of Levodopa in treating Parkinson's disease?
The dose of Levodopa needs to be increased over time
What type of medications should be avoided in patients with Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine antagonist antiemetics
What is a common complication of anesthesia in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease?
Swallow dysfunction
What is the primary mechanism of action of spasmolytic drugs?
Modulation of the stretch reflex arc
What is a common side effect of spasmolytic drugs?
Sedation
What is a characteristic movement of spasticity?
Repetitive jerky motions
What is a potential complication of Parkinson's disease?
Urinary retention
What is the primary mechanism of action of dantrolene in treating malignant hyperthermia?
Blocking calcium release in the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells
Which of the following medications is used for post-stroke focal spasticity?
Botulinum toxin
What is the primary mechanism of action of tizanidine?
Agonizing adrenergic alpha2 receptors to restore inhibitory activity
What is the primary side effect of tizanidine?
Drowsiness
What is the primary mechanism of action of baclofen?
Producing presynaptic hyperpolarization by inhibiting glutamate release
What is the primary advantage of tizanidine over clonidine?
Fewer CV side effects
Which of the following medications is used for acute local muscle spasms?
Carisoprodol
Test your knowledge of pharmacological treatments for Parkinson's disease, including guidelines from The Medical Letters. This quiz covers drugs and therapies used to manage the disease.
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