Parkinson's Disease Treatment Quiz

What is the primary effect of Parkinson's disease on the dopamine system?

Decreased dopamine receptor sensitivity
Dopamine depletion in the CNS (correct)
Increased dopamine production
Dopamine receptor up-regulation

What is the primary mechanism of action of levodopa in Parkinson's disease treatment?

Increasing dopamine receptor sensitivity
Blocking dopamine uptake
Inhibiting dopamine breakdown
Crossing the blood-brain barrier to increase dopamine production (correct)

What is the primary symptomatic manifestation of Parkinson's disease?

Vision loss
Tremors (correct)
Cognitive impairment
improvement in hearing loss

What is the name of the enzyme responsible for dopamine synthesis?

Tyrosine hydroxylase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding the combination of COMT inhibitors with 5-HT3 antagonists?

Potential for severe hypotension and loss of consciousness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of COMT inhibitors?

Inhibition of dopamine breakdown peripherally (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of entacapone?

Discolored urine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors?

MAO-A has more side effects than MAO-B (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a unique feature of safinamide?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using tolcapone?

If entacapone is ineffective (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare but potential side effect of tolcapone?

Fatal hepatotoxicity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of COMT in the body?

Breaking down dopamine peripherally (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease to develop?

The brain can no longer compensate for the loss of dopamine neurons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

To prevent levodopa from being metabolized peripherally into dopamine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of Levodopa in treating Parkinson's disease?

Exogenously replacing substantia nigra dopamine input into the striatum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common side effect of Levodopa in older patients?

Delusions, confusion and agitation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary region of the brain affected in Parkinson's disease?

Substantia nigra (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra?

Unknown etiology (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the gradual decrease in effectiveness of Levodopa in treating Parkinson's disease?

The dose of Levodopa needs to be increased over time (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of medications should be avoided in patients with Parkinson's disease?

Dopamine antagonist antiemetics (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of anesthesia in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease?

Swallow dysfunction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of spasmolytic drugs?

Modulation of the stretch reflex arc (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of spasmolytic drugs?

Sedation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic movement of spasticity?

Repetitive jerky motions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of Parkinson's disease?

Urinary retention (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of dantrolene in treating malignant hyperthermia?

Blocking calcium release in the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used for post-stroke focal spasticity?

Botulinum toxin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of tizanidine?

Agonizing adrenergic alpha2 receptors to restore inhibitory activity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary side effect of tizanidine?

Drowsiness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of baclofen?

Producing presynaptic hyperpolarization by inhibiting glutamate release (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of tizanidine over clonidine?

Fewer CV side effects (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used for acute local muscle spasms?

Carisoprodol (C) Signup and view all the answers