Parkinson's Disease
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Questions and Answers

Which motor symptom is not associated with Parkinson’s Disease?

  • Tremor
  • Slow movement
  • Rigidity
  • Dementia (correct)

    • What is a known genetic factor contributing to Parkinson’s Disease?

  • Head trauma
  • Dairy consumption
  • Exposure to pesticides
  • LRRK2 mutations (correct)

    • Which of the following is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's Disease?

  • Imbalance
  • Involuntary movements
  • Sleep disorders (correct)
  • Rigidity

    • What environmental factor has been linked to Parkinson’s Disease?

    <p>Heavy metal exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT a hallmark of Parkinson’s Disease?

    <p>Rapid eye movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parkinson’s Disease is primarily caused by which type of factors?

    <p>Idiopathic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inheritance pattern is associated with some genetic factors of Parkinson’s Disease?

    <p>Mixed autosomal dominant and recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common misconception about the causes of Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Only genetic factors are involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median age at which individuals are more likely to develop Parkinson's disease?

    <p>60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals over 85 years old is affected by Parkinson's disease?

    <p>4%-5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that could influence the likelihood of developing Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What oral health issue is reported by 65% of Parkinson's disease patients?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Parkinson's disease typically affect dental hygiene?

    <p>Reduces motor control affecting oral hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common motor symptom that complicates dental care for Parkinson's disease patients?

    <p>Difficulty with brushing teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is more likely to neglect oral health care in Parkinson's disease patients?

    <p>Men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease patients?

    <p>Risk of choking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Levodopa in managing Parkinson's disease?

    <p>It alleviates motor symptoms by converting to dopamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly prescribed to help control tremors in Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Anticholinergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of physiotherapy for Parkinson's disease patients?

    <p>Support self-management and improve mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of occupational therapy for individuals with Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>To support patients in daily activities through adaptations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical option involves implanting a pulse generator in Parkinson's disease treatment?

    <p>Deep Brain Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant aspect of speech therapy for Parkinson’s disease patients?

    <p>Providing assistive technology for communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of strategy is primarily used in physiotherapy for Parkinson’s patients?

    <p>Exercise and practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a focus of occupational therapy in the context of Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Physical improvement exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential factor to consider when timing patient appointments?

    <p>Patient's medication schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Increased reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What non-motor symptom might patients with Parkinson's disease experience?

    <p>Cognitive impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Parkinson's disease, what role might soft arm restraints play?

    <p>Preventing falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is a risk for developing pneumonia in Parkinson’s patients according to research?

    <p>Advanced age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following therapies has been mentioned for Parkinson's disease management?

    <p>Stem cell therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication discusses the genetic implications of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Journal of Neurology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a primary symptom of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Tremors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>It serves as a first-line treatment to manage symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common medication class used to manage Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Anticholinergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is linked to Parkinson's disease as mentioned in recent studies?

    <p>Environmental risk factors and epigenetic mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy is recommended for improving the quality of life in Parkinson's patients?

    <p>Physical and occupational therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization published information about Parkinson's disease in 2023?

    <p>World Health Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of medication is associated with the treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease patients?

    <p>Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does Parkinson's disease have on oral health?

    <p>It may lead to an increased risk of oral health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable review that discusses sex and gender differences in oral health?

    <p>Men and Oral Health: A Review of Sex and Gender Differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Parkinson's Disease Overview

    • Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive movement disorder.
    • Symptoms include tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability.
    • Characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons, disrupting motor pathways in the brain.
    • Non-motor symptoms can also occur, such as sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, and mood disorders.
    • Parkinson's disease prevalence increases with age, typically starting around 50 or older.
    • Median age of onset is 60.
    • Rare in those younger than 40.

    Causes of Parkinson's Disease

    • Genetic mutations can be passed through generations.
    • A mix of autosomal dominant (LRRK2) and recessive (PARK2) inheritance patterns exists.
    • ATP13A2 mutations can cause early-onset Parkinson's disease, while LRRK2 variation is associated with late-onset.
    • Exposure to heavy metals and pesticides is a possible environmental risk factor.
    • Well water use, living in rural areas, head trauma, and dairy consumption may also play a role.
    • The majority of Parkinson's disease cases are idiopathic (unknown cause).

    Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

    • Motor Symptoms: Tremors, slow movement, trouble walking, imbalance, rigidity, involuntary movements, bradykinesia (mask-like face, decreased blinking, impaired fine motor skills), vocal symptoms, rigidity and postural instability, walking or gait difficulties, and dystonia.
    • Non-Motor Symptoms: Mental health disorders (depression, anxiety, fatigue), dementia, pain, sleep disorders, and sensory disturbances.
    • Sense of smell loss, sweating issues, gastro-intestinal problems, and urinary issues are also possible.

    Dental Implications

    • Parkinson's disease patients tend to develop more severe forms of gum disease (periodontitis).
    • Difficulty managing oral hygiene due to motor and cognitive impairments which can affect quality of life.
    • Increased risk of dry mouth, chewing and biting problems, and changes in taste perception impacting dental health.
    • Problems with swallowing, particularly with dentures, leading to choking risk.
    • Parkinson's patients may be less likely to visit dentists.

    Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

    • Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.
    • Treatments aim to reduce symptoms and maintain quality of life.
    • Pharmacological Treatments: Levodopa (converted to dopamine), anticholinergics (reducing tremors), and MAO-B inhibitors (preventing dopamine breakdown).
    • Supportive Treatments: Physiotherapy (improve mobility and balance), Occupational therapy (daily activities), speech therapy (swallowing and speech difficulties), and in rare cases, brain surgery (Deep Brain Stimulation).
    • Dental Treatment Modifications: Effective communication, oral hygiene counseling, bite blocks, limiting anesthetic, timing medications with appointments, and soft arm restraints.

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