21 Questions
Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine
What is the main structural abnormality associated with Parkinson's disease?
Progressive degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra
Which group of nuclei is primarily involved in motor control and is affected in Parkinson's disease?
Basal ganglia
What protein aggregates are found in affected neurons in Parkinson's disease?
$\alpha$-synuclein Lewy bodies
Which motor symptom is characterized by slowness of movement in Parkinson's disease?
Bradykinesia
What type of medication is commonly used to increase dopamine levels in Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine agonists (e.g., pramipexole)
Which region of the brain experiences progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in Parkinson's disease?
Substantia nigra
What role does dopamine play in the brain affected by Parkinson's disease?
Involvement in motor control and coordination
Apart from motor symptoms, what other type of symptoms may also occur in Parkinson's disease?
Cognitive impairment and mood disturbances
What is the primary neurotransmitter imbalance that leads to motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease?
Dopamine and acetylcholine imbalance
Which part of the brain experiences progressive atrophy in Huntington's disease?
Caudate nucleus
What is the primary cause of Huntington's disease?
Mutations in the HTT gene
Which neurotransmitter signaling pathway is dysfunctional in Huntington's disease?
Glutamate signaling
What is a common clinical symptom of Huntington's disease?
Chorea (involuntary movements)
What type of impairment may develop in individuals with Huntington's disease?
$ ext{GABA}_ ext{A}$ neuron loss
What is a key difference between Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease?
Huntington's involves mutations in the HTT gene
What genetic factor plays a significant role in both Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases?
Genetic factors play no role in these diseases
What type of movements are characteristic of Parkinson's disease?
Resting tremors
What type of neurons are primarily lost in Huntington's disease?
GABAergic neurons
What is a common psychiatric symptom associated with Huntington's disease?
Depression, anxiety, and personality changes
What type of protein aggregates are formed in Huntington's disease?
Toxic protein aggregates
Learn about the structural and functional abnormalities of the brain associated with Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Explore the neurodegenerative processes and specific changes in brain regions that lead to the characteristic symptoms of these disorders.
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