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Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases Overview

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Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which neurotransmitters are imbalanced in Parkinson disease?

Histamine and norepinephrine

Dopamine and acetylcholine (correct)

Serotonin and GABA

Endorphins and glutamate

What is the primary region of the brain where neuron loss occurs in Parkinson disease?

Substantia nigra (correct)

Brainstem

Cerebellum

Hippocampus

What are the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson disease?

Hypersomnia, seizures, hallucinations, and anxiety

Memory loss, confusion, disorientation, and language impairment

Rigidity, tremors, gait disturbance, and bradykinesia (correct)

Blurred vision, vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss

Which neurotransmitter deficiency is associated with Alzheimer disease?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What type of drugs can induce parkinsonism and extrapyramidal symptoms?

Neuroleptic drugs (antipsychotics and dopamine receptor blockers) Signup and view all the answers

What nonpharmacologic measures can help lessen symptoms of parkinsonism?

Patient teaching, exercise, nutrition, and group support Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients with Parkinson disease experience symptomatic movement disorders?

Due to an imbalance between dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of anticholinergic drugs in treating Parkinson disease?

Increase the effects of dopamine by reducing acetylcholine effects Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'off' episode in Parkinson disease?

Time when symptoms worsen due to medication ineffectiveness Signup and view all the answers

Which category of drugs used to treat Parkinson disease replaces the dopamine deficit directly?

Dopamine agonists Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of anticholinergics on Parkinson disease symptoms?

Reduce rigidity and some tremors Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by the unexplained degeneration in Parkinson disease?

Dopamine (DA) Signup and view all the answers