CNS Infections

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Questions and Answers

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

what it is: degenerative disorder of the CNS pathogenesis: death of dopamine-generating cells in substantia nigra in midbrain characterized: a-synuclein (Lewis body) aggregates through the brain, loss of dopamine producing neurons next to the substantia nigra early symptoms: sensory, sleep, emotional issues, motor (tremor, slowness of movement, righty, posture impairment) population: after age 50 Cause: unknown but genetic and environmental factors

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

cause: accumulation of 2 proteins AB and TAU in superficial brain region and cause plaques and tangles which disrupt nerve signaling population: 60 year old women symptoms: neuronal dysfunction, neuronal death, inflammation, language issues, getting lost, mood swings, no self care, behavioral issues, death risk factors: head injuries, depression, hypertension Pathogenesis: degeneration or loss of neurons in the brain

What is Multiple sclerosis?

what it is: inflammatory autoimmune disorders where myelin is destroyed by immune system Pathogenesis: insulating cores of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. population: 20-40 year old women presentation: sudden developed of focal neurological deficit that spontaneously recovers why: damage stop nervous system from communicating symptoms: isolated attacks

What is Huntington Disease?

<p>what it is: neurodegenerative genetic disorder effects: muscle coordination and cognitive and behavior cause: degeneration of caudate and putamen genetics: glutamine-encoding CAD trinucleotide repeat expansion protein called Huntington (autosomal dominant) symptoms: chorea (involuntary spasmodic movements), impaired coordination and balance, muscle rigidity, difficulty speaking and/or swallowing</p>

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What is Meningitis and Encephalitis?

<p>what it is: acute inflammation of protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord cause: infection, viruses,, bacteria, microorganisms, drugs symptoms: headache, neck stiffness, fever, confusion, altered mental status triad symptoms: nuchal rigidity, high fever, AMS diagnosis: lumbar puncture diagnosis</p>

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Flashcards

Parkinson's Disease

A progressive, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system affecting movement, characterized by the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra.

Alzheimer's Disease

A neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles in the brain leading to neuronal dysfunction and death.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord disrupting communication between the brain and body.

Huntington's Disease

A neurodegenerative genetic disorder affecting muscle coordination, cognitive function, and behavior, caused by the degeneration of the caudate and putamen regions of the brain.

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Meningitis and Encephalitis

Inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord, often caused by infection. Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain itself.

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