Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor is NOT considered as an influence on antisocial potential according to Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP)?
Which factor is NOT considered as an influence on antisocial potential according to Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP)?
Which of the following is a behavioral trait linked to long-term antisocial potential?
Which of the following is a behavioral trait linked to long-term antisocial potential?
What is a characteristic of short-term antisocial potential?
What is a characteristic of short-term antisocial potential?
What impact does age generally have on antisocial potential?
What impact does age generally have on antisocial potential?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a significant predictor of delinquency related to family background?
Which of the following is a significant predictor of delinquency related to family background?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does power assertion usually have on child behavior?
What effect does power assertion usually have on child behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which disciplinary technique focuses on reasoning about the consequences of behavior for others?
Which disciplinary technique focuses on reasoning about the consequences of behavior for others?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of authoritative parenting?
What is a characteristic of authoritative parenting?
Signup and view all the answers
Inconsistent discipline is often observed in what type of families?
Inconsistent discipline is often observed in what type of families?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the outcomes linked to authoritarian parenting?
What is one of the outcomes linked to authoritarian parenting?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component is NOT part of the circumplex model of disciplinary styles?
Which component is NOT part of the circumplex model of disciplinary styles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following behaviors tends to decline when effective non-physical punishments are applied?
Which of the following behaviors tends to decline when effective non-physical punishments are applied?
Signup and view all the answers
Which parenting style is characterized as warm but undemanding and may lead to poor socialization?
Which parenting style is characterized as warm but undemanding and may lead to poor socialization?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes criminality from criminal acts?
What distinguishes criminality from criminal acts?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theory suggests that crime is learned through social interactions?
Which theory suggests that crime is learned through social interactions?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Strain Theory primarily emphasize as a cause of crime?
What does Strain Theory primarily emphasize as a cause of crime?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following sociological theories focuses on the concept of social bonds?
Which of the following sociological theories focuses on the concept of social bonds?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key idea behind the concept of 'excess of definitions favorable to law violations'?
What is a key idea behind the concept of 'excess of definitions favorable to law violations'?
Signup and view all the answers
How does Control Theory explain deviance?
How does Control Theory explain deviance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these theories highlights the role of subcultures in crime?
Which of these theories highlights the role of subcultures in crime?
Signup and view all the answers
What is often emphasized by sociological theories as a factor contributing to crime?
What is often emphasized by sociological theories as a factor contributing to crime?
Signup and view all the answers
What does rational choice theory primarily emphasize in decision-making?
What does rational choice theory primarily emphasize in decision-making?
Signup and view all the answers
According to self-presentation theory, delinquency can be viewed as a means to achieve what?
According to self-presentation theory, delinquency can be viewed as a means to achieve what?
Signup and view all the answers
What drives delinquent behavior in terms of peer dynamics?
What drives delinquent behavior in terms of peer dynamics?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of delinquent behavior is not fully addressed by self-presentation theories?
What aspect of delinquent behavior is not fully addressed by self-presentation theories?
Signup and view all the answers
When does superego formation occur according to the developmental perspective?
When does superego formation occur according to the developmental perspective?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the superego in regulating behavior?
What is the primary function of the superego in regulating behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is essential for the development of the superego?
Which factor is essential for the development of the superego?
Signup and view all the answers
How might delinquency be interpreted in the context of social identity?
How might delinquency be interpreted in the context of social identity?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes two groups in relation to deviance according to Howard Becker?
What distinguishes two groups in relation to deviance according to Howard Becker?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately reflects the concept of deviance?
Which statement accurately reflects the concept of deviance?
Signup and view all the answers
How can labeling someone as deviant affect their behavior?
How can labeling someone as deviant affect their behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor influences how laws are applied in democratic societies?
What factor influences how laws are applied in democratic societies?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the crime rate reflect?
What does the crime rate reflect?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of a 'career criminal'?
What is a characteristic of a 'career criminal'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following accurately describes the measurement of crime?
Which of the following accurately describes the measurement of crime?
Signup and view all the answers
How is juvenile delinquency often framed in society?
How is juvenile delinquency often framed in society?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary outcome of resolving the Oedipal conflict during the genital stage?
What is the primary outcome of resolving the Oedipal conflict during the genital stage?
Signup and view all the answers
How does secure attachment during infancy impact later relationships?
How does secure attachment during infancy impact later relationships?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does the superego play in criminal behavior?
What role does the superego play in criminal behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a harsh superego typically contribute to in individuals?
What does a harsh superego typically contribute to in individuals?
Signup and view all the answers
How is a weak superego characterized in relation to psychopathic personalities?
How is a weak superego characterized in relation to psychopathic personalities?
Signup and view all the answers
What is suggested about the development of the superego throughout adolescence?
What is suggested about the development of the superego throughout adolescence?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one potential consequence of insecure attachment formed during infancy?
What is one potential consequence of insecure attachment formed during infancy?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the formation of conscience depend on during early development?
What does the formation of conscience depend on during early development?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction
- Criminal behavior is influenced by both genetic and social factors
- Family dynamics are a significant influence on criminality
- Early childhood experiences and social interactions shape future behavior
Family Patterns and Interactions
- Research reveals consistent patterns of adverse family environments in delinquent groups
- Early childhood family interactions and social learning play a critical role
Child Rearing Practices
- Disciplinary techniques vary, impacting moral development and future behavior
- Power assertion (physical punishment) is negatively correlated with moral development
- Love withdrawal (withholding affection) has a negative influence on moral development
- Induction (reasoning about consequences) promotes positive development and morality
Parenting Styles
- Authoritative parenting (warm and demanding) fosters self-control and confidence
- Indulgent parenting (warm and undemanding) might lead to poor self-control
- Authoritarian parenting (rejecting and demanding) can be associated with lower moral development and aggression
- Neglectful parenting (rejecting and undemanding) is also linked to delinquency
Family Variables and Delinquency
- Combinations of family variables (e.g., parental rejection and inconsistent discipline) have a stronger correlation with delinquency compared to single factors
- Parental criminality or maternal rejection intensifies the effects of supervision on delinquency
- Family factors like marital conflict, poverty, and inconsistent discipline correlate strongly with delinquency
School Processes and Delinquency
- Educational failure correlates with increased delinquency risk
- Streaming (tracking students into different ability groups) may exacerbate the risk of delinquency
- School environments with higher levels of delinquency exhibit lower teacher expectations and higher student turnover
Peer Group Influence
- Delinquency rates are higher among individuals associated with delinquent peers.
- Group offending is more frequent among younger delinquents
- Peer groups often promote deviant behaviors through modeling and reinforcement
Sociological Theories of Crime
- Theoretical perspectives examining crime as a social construct, such as differential association, strain theory, subcultural theory, and control theories
- Theories emphasize aspects of social disorganization, class conflict, and societal influences in shaping criminal behavior
Psychological Theories of Crime
- Psychological theories examining the individual-level factors, such as low self-control and labelling theory, that contribute to criminal behavior.
- Self-presentation theory highlights how delinquency can be used for self-esteem and status within peer groups
Biological Correlates of Antisocial Behavior
- Studies exploring potential biological influences, such as genetics (e.g., chromosome anomalies), hormones (e.g., testosterone), and brain structure and dysfunction (e.g., neurological disorders)
- Research addresses the potential interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors in influencing criminal behavior
Integrated Theories
- Integrated theories attempt to explain crime by combining elements from different theoretical perspectives.
- They suggest that multiple factors, such as social learning, control, strain, and labelling, interact to influence criminal behavior.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz delves into the Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) theory and explores various parenting styles and their influences on antisocial behavior. Test your knowledge on the traits associated with long-term and short-term antisocial potential, as well as the effects of different disciplinary techniques on child behavior.
