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Questions and Answers
Which factor has been identified as a significant predictor of later criminal behavior, particularly according to the longitudinal study conducted by Murray et al.?
Which factor has been identified as a significant predictor of later criminal behavior, particularly according to the longitudinal study conducted by Murray et al.?
What characteristic is commonly associated with males compared to females in relation to crime, based on empirical research?
What characteristic is commonly associated with males compared to females in relation to crime, based on empirical research?
Which of the following personality traits is categorized as a 'dark' personality trait associated with criminal behavior?
Which of the following personality traits is categorized as a 'dark' personality trait associated with criminal behavior?
According to Cesare Lombroso's theory, what concept suggests that some individuals are born predisposed to criminal behavior?
According to Cesare Lombroso's theory, what concept suggests that some individuals are born predisposed to criminal behavior?
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How does concentrated disadvantage contribute to crime, as discussed in the provided content?
How does concentrated disadvantage contribute to crime, as discussed in the provided content?
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What early psychosocial risk factor is linked to criminal convictions later in life, according to the longitudinal study mentioned?
What early psychosocial risk factor is linked to criminal convictions later in life, according to the longitudinal study mentioned?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between personality disorders and white-collar crime?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between personality disorders and white-collar crime?
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What potential ethical issue arises from profiling in the context of criminal behavior?
What potential ethical issue arises from profiling in the context of criminal behavior?
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Which personality traits are most associated with Antisocial Behavior (ASB)?
Which personality traits are most associated with Antisocial Behavior (ASB)?
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What is a key characteristic of white-collar crime as defined in the content?
What is a key characteristic of white-collar crime as defined in the content?
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According to the DSM-5, Antisocial Personality Disorder is characterized by what type of behavior?
According to the DSM-5, Antisocial Personality Disorder is characterized by what type of behavior?
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What personality traits are indicated as the strongest predictors of white-collar crime?
What personality traits are indicated as the strongest predictors of white-collar crime?
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Which disorder includes symptoms such as aggression to people or animals, property destruction, and deceitfulness?
Which disorder includes symptoms such as aggression to people or animals, property destruction, and deceitfulness?
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In terms of prevalence, how does Antisocial Personality Disorder manifest in prison samples compared to the general population?
In terms of prevalence, how does Antisocial Personality Disorder manifest in prison samples compared to the general population?
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What is a common misconception about the empathy levels of individuals with psychopathy?
What is a common misconception about the empathy levels of individuals with psychopathy?
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What finding about the relationship between personality traits and crime was highlighted by Pusch & Holtfreter's meta-analysis?
What finding about the relationship between personality traits and crime was highlighted by Pusch & Holtfreter's meta-analysis?
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What main finding was observed regarding antisocial behavior (ASB) in the meta-analysis conducted by Miller & Lynam?
What main finding was observed regarding antisocial behavior (ASB) in the meta-analysis conducted by Miller & Lynam?
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According to Caspi et al. (1994), which two personality traits are significantly correlated with increased delinquency?
According to Caspi et al. (1994), which two personality traits are significantly correlated with increased delinquency?
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What issue did Eysenck (1977) face in studying the relationship between personality and crime?
What issue did Eysenck (1977) face in studying the relationship between personality and crime?
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Which personality characteristics are commonly found in individuals who commit crimes, according to the traits highlighted by Miller & Lynam?
Which personality characteristics are commonly found in individuals who commit crimes, according to the traits highlighted by Miller & Lynam?
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What effect do cumulative risk factors have on early predictors of conduct problems and crime in children?
What effect do cumulative risk factors have on early predictors of conduct problems and crime in children?
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The personality trait of negative emotionality is often associated with which of the following outcomes?
The personality trait of negative emotionality is often associated with which of the following outcomes?
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What is a common misconception regarding the relationship between personality disorders and white-collar crime?
What is a common misconception regarding the relationship between personality disorders and white-collar crime?
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What characteristic is least likely to be associated with individuals prone to antisocial behavior?
What characteristic is least likely to be associated with individuals prone to antisocial behavior?
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Study Notes
Following up on Antisocial Behaviour
- A 2011 meta-analysis of 53 studies examined the relationship between the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits, Antisocial Behaviour (ASB) and aggression
- The study found a consistent association between ASB and low Agreeableness (specifically hostility) and low Conscientiousness (specifically poor impulse control)
Introduction to Dark Personality Traits
- Psychopathy is characterized by: shallow affect, callousness, lack of remorse, lack of empathy, glibness, superficial charm, manipulativeness, and irresponsibility.
- Narcissism is characterized by: an exaggerated sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement, an intense need for admiration, exploitative tendencies, deficient empathy, and arrogance.
White-Collar Crime and Dark Personality Traits
- White-collar crime is defined as non-violent crime for financial gain committed through deception.
- A meta-analysis examining 54,205 individuals and 6,425 corporations found that honesty and agreeableness negatively predicted white-collar crime while psychopathy and narcissism positively predicted it.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
- The DSM-5 defines Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) as a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, starting in childhood or early adolescence and continuing into adulthood.
- ASPD is often associated with psychopathy and sociopathy.
Conduct Disorder and Prevalence of ASPD
- Conduct disorder is defined by aggressive behavior towards people and animals, property destruction, deceitfulness, theft, and serious violations of rules.
- The prevalence of ASPD in the general population is approximately 3% for men and 1% for women.
- In prison samples, the prevalence of ASPD is 47% for men and 21% for women.
Introduction to Personality and Crime
- This lecture explores the relationship between personality and crime.
- It covers topics like the types of crimes committed, the concept of a "born criminal", and non-personality risk factors contributing to crime.
Is There a "Born Criminal"?
- Cesare Lombroso, an Italian physician and criminologist, believed that criminals were born with physiological and psychological abnormalities that predisposed them to crime.
- This concept presents a number of ethical challenges, such as the potential for self-fulfilling prophecy and profiling.
Non-Personality Crime Risk Factors
- Age-crime relationship: The rate of crime increases in adolescence and declines with age.
- Gender and crime: Men are more likely to be arrested for most crimes, especially violent offenses.
- Concentrated disadvantage: Socioeconomic disadvantage (poverty, family disruption), can increase crime rates.
- Cumulative risk factors: Early psychosocial risk factors, like maternal smoking during pregnancy, low cognitive stimulation, hyperactivity, and poor visual-motor skills, can predict later criminal behavior.
Personality and Crime: "Normal" Traits and Dark Personality Traits
- Eysenck (1977) proposed that criminals are high in PEN (Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism) due to underlying biological factors.
- Caspi et al (1994) found that Antisocial behaviour (ASB) was associated with high Negative Emotionality (NE) and low Constraint (i.e., poor impulse control).
Traits and Antisocial Behaviour
- A meta-analysis (Miller & Lynam, 2001) found a strong link between ASB and low Agreeableness (especially hostility) and low Conscientiousness (specifically poor impulse control).
- Individuals with low levels of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are more likely to engage in criminal behavior due to hostility, self-centeredness, lack of motivation, poor impulse control, and unconventional beliefs.
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Description
This quiz explores the relationship between antisocial behavior and dark personality traits, including psychopathy and narcissism. It also covers the implications of these traits in contexts like white-collar crime. Assess your understanding of how personality influences behavior and legal transgressions.