Antisocial Behavior and Dark Personality Traits
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Questions and Answers

Which factor has been identified as a significant predictor of later criminal behavior, particularly according to the longitudinal study conducted by Murray et al.?

  • Exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy (correct)
  • High cognitive stimulation in childhood
  • Participation in organized sports
  • Living in a single-parent household
  • What characteristic is commonly associated with males compared to females in relation to crime, based on empirical research?

  • Consistent involvement in white-collar crime
  • Higher rates of property crimes
  • More frequent arrests for violent crimes (correct)
  • Lower rates of drug-related offenses
  • Which of the following personality traits is categorized as a 'dark' personality trait associated with criminal behavior?

  • Narcissism (correct)
  • Extraversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Conscientiousness
  • According to Cesare Lombroso's theory, what concept suggests that some individuals are born predisposed to criminal behavior?

    <p>Biological determinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does concentrated disadvantage contribute to crime, as discussed in the provided content?

    <p>It exacerbates crime through poverty and family disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What early psychosocial risk factor is linked to criminal convictions later in life, according to the longitudinal study mentioned?

    <p>Hyperactivity in childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between personality disorders and white-collar crime?

    <p>Certain personality disorders may predispose individuals to engage in unethical practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential ethical issue arises from profiling in the context of criminal behavior?

    <p>It may lead to false suspect identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality traits are most associated with Antisocial Behavior (ASB)?

    <p>Low agreeableness and low conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of white-collar crime as defined in the content?

    <p>Non-violent crime for financial gain through deception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the DSM-5, Antisocial Personality Disorder is characterized by what type of behavior?

    <p>Repetitive, irresponsible, delinquent, and criminal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What personality traits are indicated as the strongest predictors of white-collar crime?

    <p>Low agreeableness and high psychopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder includes symptoms such as aggression to people or animals, property destruction, and deceitfulness?

    <p>Conduct Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of prevalence, how does Antisocial Personality Disorder manifest in prison samples compared to the general population?

    <p>Higher prevalence in prisons, lower in the general population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the empathy levels of individuals with psychopathy?

    <p>They lack remorse and empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What finding about the relationship between personality traits and crime was highlighted by Pusch & Holtfreter's meta-analysis?

    <p>Low agreeableness is positively related to psychopathy and narcissism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main finding was observed regarding antisocial behavior (ASB) in the meta-analysis conducted by Miller & Lynam?

    <p>ASB is associated with low Agreeableness and low Conscientiousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Caspi et al. (1994), which two personality traits are significantly correlated with increased delinquency?

    <p>Low Constraint and High Negative Emotionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue did Eysenck (1977) face in studying the relationship between personality and crime?

    <p>Sample-bias and under-representation of certain groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality characteristics are commonly found in individuals who commit crimes, according to the traits highlighted by Miller & Lynam?

    <p>Indifference and difficulty controlling impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do cumulative risk factors have on early predictors of conduct problems and crime in children?

    <p>They significantly increase the likelihood of developing conduct problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The personality trait of negative emotionality is often associated with which of the following outcomes?

    <p>Higher risk for criminal activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the relationship between personality disorders and white-collar crime?

    <p>White-collar criminals display traits of low agreeableness and low conscientiousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is least likely to be associated with individuals prone to antisocial behavior?

    <p>High levels of empathy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Following up on Antisocial Behaviour

    • A 2011 meta-analysis of 53 studies examined the relationship between the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits, Antisocial Behaviour (ASB) and aggression
    • The study found a consistent association between ASB and low Agreeableness (specifically hostility) and low Conscientiousness (specifically poor impulse control)

    Introduction to Dark Personality Traits

    • Psychopathy is characterized by: shallow affect, callousness, lack of remorse, lack of empathy, glibness, superficial charm, manipulativeness, and irresponsibility.
    • Narcissism is characterized by: an exaggerated sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement, an intense need for admiration, exploitative tendencies, deficient empathy, and arrogance.

    White-Collar Crime and Dark Personality Traits

    • White-collar crime is defined as non-violent crime for financial gain committed through deception.
    • A meta-analysis examining 54,205 individuals and 6,425 corporations found that honesty and agreeableness negatively predicted white-collar crime while psychopathy and narcissism positively predicted it.

    Antisocial Personality Disorder

    • The DSM-5 defines Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) as a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, starting in childhood or early adolescence and continuing into adulthood.
    • ASPD is often associated with psychopathy and sociopathy.

    Conduct Disorder and Prevalence of ASPD

    • Conduct disorder is defined by aggressive behavior towards people and animals, property destruction, deceitfulness, theft, and serious violations of rules.
    • The prevalence of ASPD in the general population is approximately 3% for men and 1% for women.
    • In prison samples, the prevalence of ASPD is 47% for men and 21% for women.

    Introduction to Personality and Crime

    • This lecture explores the relationship between personality and crime.
    • It covers topics like the types of crimes committed, the concept of a "born criminal", and non-personality risk factors contributing to crime.

    Is There a "Born Criminal"?

    • Cesare Lombroso, an Italian physician and criminologist, believed that criminals were born with physiological and psychological abnormalities that predisposed them to crime.
    • This concept presents a number of ethical challenges, such as the potential for self-fulfilling prophecy and profiling.

    Non-Personality Crime Risk Factors

    • Age-crime relationship: The rate of crime increases in adolescence and declines with age.
    • Gender and crime: Men are more likely to be arrested for most crimes, especially violent offenses.
    • Concentrated disadvantage: Socioeconomic disadvantage (poverty, family disruption), can increase crime rates.
    • Cumulative risk factors: Early psychosocial risk factors, like maternal smoking during pregnancy, low cognitive stimulation, hyperactivity, and poor visual-motor skills, can predict later criminal behavior.

    Personality and Crime: "Normal" Traits and Dark Personality Traits

    • Eysenck (1977) proposed that criminals are high in PEN (Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism) due to underlying biological factors.
    • Caspi et al (1994) found that Antisocial behaviour (ASB) was associated with high Negative Emotionality (NE) and low Constraint (i.e., poor impulse control).

    Traits and Antisocial Behaviour

    • A meta-analysis (Miller & Lynam, 2001) found a strong link between ASB and low Agreeableness (especially hostility) and low Conscientiousness (specifically poor impulse control).
    • Individuals with low levels of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are more likely to engage in criminal behavior due to hostility, self-centeredness, lack of motivation, poor impulse control, and unconventional beliefs.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the relationship between antisocial behavior and dark personality traits, including psychopathy and narcissism. It also covers the implications of these traits in contexts like white-collar crime. Assess your understanding of how personality influences behavior and legal transgressions.

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