Podcast
Questions and Answers
If a medication needs to be administered via a route other than the digestive tract, which administration method is used?
If a medication needs to be administered via a route other than the digestive tract, which administration method is used?
- Transdermal
- Topical
- Enteral
- Parenteral (correct)
How does the onset and duration of action typically differ for parenterally administered drugs compared to orally administered drugs?
How does the onset and duration of action typically differ for parenterally administered drugs compared to orally administered drugs?
- Rapid onset, shorter duration (correct)
- Slower onset, longer duration
- Rapid onset, longer duration
- Slower onset, shorter duration
How is the volume of medication in a syringe typically calibrated?
How is the volume of medication in a syringe typically calibrated?
- Milliequivalents (mEq)
- Units (U)
- Grams (g)
- Milliliters (mL) (correct)
Why are tuberculin syringes used instead of standard syringes?
Why are tuberculin syringes used instead of standard syringes?
In which situation would a Luer-lock syringe be most beneficial compared to a Luer-slip syringe?
In which situation would a Luer-lock syringe be most beneficial compared to a Luer-slip syringe?
What consideration dictates the use of a low-dose insulin syringe instead of a standard U-100 insulin syringe?
What consideration dictates the use of a low-dose insulin syringe instead of a standard U-100 insulin syringe?
Which of the following is considered a key advantage of using prefilled syringes in a healthcare setting?
Which of the following is considered a key advantage of using prefilled syringes in a healthcare setting?
Which component of a needle determines the width of the bore through which medication will be administered?
Which component of a needle determines the width of the bore through which medication will be administered?
Which site and patient factor is LEAST important to consider, when selecting a needle for intradermal injection?
Which site and patient factor is LEAST important to consider, when selecting a needle for intradermal injection?
In the context of parenteral medication administration, what is the MOST likely reason for using a blunt access device?
In the context of parenteral medication administration, what is the MOST likely reason for using a blunt access device?
Which of the following is the MOST critical implication of using needleless systems in healthcare settings?
Which of the following is the MOST critical implication of using needleless systems in healthcare settings?
When selecting a needle for an intramuscular injection, which consideration is MOST important for determining the appropriate needle length?
When selecting a needle for an intramuscular injection, which consideration is MOST important for determining the appropriate needle length?
How should the volume of a solution be read on a syringe to ensure accurate medication administration?
How should the volume of a solution be read on a syringe to ensure accurate medication administration?
Which characteristic is MOST crucial when selecting a container system to ensure the greatest accuracy in drug preparation?
Which characteristic is MOST crucial when selecting a container system to ensure the greatest accuracy in drug preparation?
A nurse is preparing to administer two types of insulin in one syringe. What is the MOST important step to take before drawing up the medications?
A nurse is preparing to administer two types of insulin in one syringe. What is the MOST important step to take before drawing up the medications?
What is the MOST critical initial step a nurse should take when preparing to administer insulin to a patient?
What is the MOST critical initial step a nurse should take when preparing to administer insulin to a patient?
If a physician orders medication to be administered via the intramuscular route, at what angle should the injection be performed?
If a physician orders medication to be administered via the intramuscular route, at what angle should the injection be performed?
To administer medication via intradermal injection effectively, at what angle to the skin should the needle be inserted?
To administer medication via intradermal injection effectively, at what angle to the skin should the needle be inserted?
What is a key factor that influences the effect when a drug is administered parenterally?
What is a key factor that influences the effect when a drug is administered parenterally?
An 18-gauge needle is MOST appropriate for which clinical situation?
An 18-gauge needle is MOST appropriate for which clinical situation?
Which needle gauge is selected to administer a subcutaneous injection?
Which needle gauge is selected to administer a subcutaneous injection?
Medications packaged in what sort of container usually contain only a single dose?
Medications packaged in what sort of container usually contain only a single dose?
A vial of omeprazole powder requires reconstitution. What is the appropriate nursing action, after injecting the diluent into the vial?
A vial of omeprazole powder requires reconstitution. What is the appropriate nursing action, after injecting the diluent into the vial?
What step is necessary when preparing medication from an ampule?
What step is necessary when preparing medication from an ampule?
What is the key technique to prevent contamination when preparing parenteral medications?
What is the key technique to prevent contamination when preparing parenteral medications?
What is a critical step when preparing a medication from a vial when not using a needleless system?
What is a critical step when preparing a medication from a vial when not using a needleless system?
What is the proper method to prepare a medication from a Mix-O-Vial?
What is the proper method to prepare a medication from a Mix-O-Vial?
A medication vial indicates a concentration of 500 mg/mL. If the order is for 0.75 grams, calculate the volume to administer. Note: 1 gram = 1000 mg.
A medication vial indicates a concentration of 500 mg/mL. If the order is for 0.75 grams, calculate the volume to administer. Note: 1 gram = 1000 mg.
The order is to administer 7.5 mg of morphine sulfate IV every 3-4 hours PRN pain. The vial is labeled 10 mg/mL. How much should the patient be administered?
The order is to administer 7.5 mg of morphine sulfate IV every 3-4 hours PRN pain. The vial is labeled 10 mg/mL. How much should the patient be administered?
A nurse is preparing to administer two different types of insulin in one syringe. What is the correct sequence for drawing them up?
A nurse is preparing to administer two different types of insulin in one syringe. What is the correct sequence for drawing them up?
What is the MOST important consideration for the nurse when using prefilled syringes?
What is the MOST important consideration for the nurse when using prefilled syringes?
A nurse accidentally punctures their skin with a used needle while preparing an injection. What is the MOST immediate and appropriate action the nurse should take?
A nurse accidentally punctures their skin with a used needle while preparing an injection. What is the MOST immediate and appropriate action the nurse should take?
A nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection of heparin and notices the presence of air bubbles within the syringe. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?
A nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection of heparin and notices the presence of air bubbles within the syringe. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?
Flashcards
Parenteral Administration
Parenteral Administration
Drug administration by any route other than the GI tract. Common routes include: intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV).
Parenterally
Parenterally
Administering medication via injection (IV, IM, subcutaneous)
Syringe
Syringe
A device used to inject fluids into or withdraw them from something.
Syringe parts
Syringe parts
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Tuberculin syringe
Tuberculin syringe
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Insulin Syringes
Insulin Syringes
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Prefilled Syringe
Prefilled Syringe
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Needle Gauge
Needle Gauge
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Needle parts
Needle parts
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Ampules
Ampules
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Vials
Vials
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Mix-O-Vials
Mix-O-Vials
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Procedure Protocol
Procedure Protocol
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Preparing a Medication From an Ampule
Preparing a Medication From an Ampule
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Reconstitution
Reconstitution
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Preparing a Medication From a Vial
Preparing a Medication From a Vial
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Preparing a Medication From a Mix-O-Vial
Preparing a Medication From a Mix-O-Vial
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Preparing Two Medications in One Syringe
Preparing Two Medications in One Syringe
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Study Notes
- Parenteral administration involves drug delivery via routes other than the gastrointestinal tract, such as intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV) injections.
Parenteral Administration Key Points
- Parenterally administered drugs have a rapid onset but shorter duration of action.
- Parenteral routes require a smaller dosage with higher potency and tend to be more expensive.
Syringes
- Syringes typically consist of hard plastic and have three main components: the barrel, plunger, and tip and are calibrated in mL.
- Tuberculin syringes are available for small volumes of medication.
Insulin Syringes
- Insulin syringes feature a specialized scale for measuring insulin, which is manufactured in U-100 concentration in the United States.
- A U-100 syringe can hold 100 units of insulin per milliliter, while low-dose insulin syringes are used to administer 50 units or less of U-100 insulin.
Prefilled Syringes
- Prefilled syringes are disposable and contain a premeasured medication dose.
Advantages of Prefilled Syringes
- Time saved during preparation.
- Reduced risk of contamination.
Disadvantages of Prefilled Syringes
- Higher cost.
- Requirement for different holders for different cartridges.
- Limited volume for second medication.
The Needle
- Needles have three parts: the hub, shaft, and beveled tip.
- Needle gauge refers to the diameter of the hole inside the needle.
- Needle sizes are chosen based on the injection site and consider if the patient is pediatric or adult.
Needle Selection and Route
- Needle gauge and length is dependent on the route of administration.
- Volume of medication also varies by route.
Angles of Injection
- Intramuscular: 90 degrees
- Subcutaneously: 45 degrees
- Intravenously: 25 degrees
- Intradermal: 10-15 degrees
Reading a Syringe
- Syringe volume is determined by the plunger ring closest to the tip and is read from the calibration scale on the barrel where the rubber flange aligns.
Safety Systems
- Needleless systems are a safety development that offers an alternative to needles for routine procedures, which reduces the risk of needlestick injuries involving contaminated sharps.
- Ensure syringes and needles are sterile.
- Used syringes and needles should be properly discarded in a sharps container, following OSHA standards.
Parenteral Dose Forms
- Ampules are glass containers that house a single dose of medication.
- Vials are glass containers that may contain one or more doses of medication.
- Mix-O-Vials are glass containers containing a single dose, featuring an upper chamber storing a solvent and a lower chamber holding the drug.
Preparation of Parenteral Medication: Equipment Needed
- Sterile drug in sealed container
- Correct syringe volume
- Needle of appropriate gauge and length
- Needleless access device
- Antiseptic swab
- Medication profile
Procedure Protocol for Parenteral Medication
- Hand hygiene
- Follow the seven rights of medication administration
- Check medication calculations.
- Assess compatibility charts before mixing medications.
- Prepare the drug in a clean and well-lit area.
- Use proper aseptic technique.
- Check the expiration date of medications.
Preparing Medications From an Ampule
- Move medication to the bottom of the ampule.
- Cover the ampule neck with a sterile gauze pad or antiseptic swab before breaking off the top.
- Use a filter needle to withdraw the medication.
- Attach a sterile needle with the correct gauge and length to administer the medication to the patient.
Preparing Medications From a Vial
- Cleanse the top of the vial with diluent.
- Draw air into the syringe equal to the volume of solution to be withdrawn.
- Insert a needle or needleless access device through the diaphragm and inject air into the vial.
- Withdraw the measured volume of drug.
- Attach a sterile needle with correct gauge and length to administer the medication.
Medication From a Vial (Reconstituting)
- Use a liquid diluent (solvent) combined with powdered medication.
- Mixing produces a solution for immediately administered because powders in solution are not stable for long.
Medication From a Vial (Reconstituting): Steps
- Withdraw the required diluent volume to reconstitute the powdered drug.
- Tap the vial to loosen any caked powder and cleanse the diaphragm with a swab.
- Insert the needle or needleless access device and inject the diluent.
- Mix thoroughly and administer with sterile needle using correct gauge and length.
Preparing a Medication From a Mix-O-Vial
- Tap the container lightly to break up any caked powder.
- Remove the plastic lid protector.
- Push firmly on the diaphragm-plunger.
- Mix thoroughly by gently shaking to dissolve the drug into solvent.
- Cleanse the rubber diaphragm and remove the drug using a syringe to administer to patient.
- Attach sterile needle with correct gauge and length to administer medication to the patient.
Preparing Two Medications in One Syringe
- Check the compatibility of both insulin types.
- Verify labels with the insulin order.
- Check the type, concentration, expiration date, appearance, and temperature.
- Draw up the rapid-acting insulin before the intermediate-acting insulin.
- Use separate antiseptic wipes to cleanse the tops of both vials.
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