Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which route of drug administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract?
Which route of drug administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract?
- Sublingual
- Rectal
- Oral
- Parenteral (correct)
Why might a drug be administered parenterally rather than orally?
Why might a drug be administered parenterally rather than orally?
- To increase the duration of the drug’s effects
- To bypass the digestive system for better absorption (correct)
- To reduce the potency of the drug
- To achieve a slower onset of action
A physician orders a medication to be given via intradermal injection. At what angle should the injection be administered?
A physician orders a medication to be given via intradermal injection. At what angle should the injection be administered?
- 10 to 15 degrees (correct)
- 90 degrees
- 25 degrees
- 45 degrees
A nurse needs to administer an intramuscular injection. What angle should the needle be inserted?
A nurse needs to administer an intramuscular injection. What angle should the needle be inserted?
A subcutaneous injection is required. Which angle is MOST appropriate?
A subcutaneous injection is required. Which angle is MOST appropriate?
Which type of syringe would allow for the MOST accurate measurement of a small volume of medication, such as 0.3 mL?
Which type of syringe would allow for the MOST accurate measurement of a small volume of medication, such as 0.3 mL?
What is the primary function of the plunger in a syringe?
What is the primary function of the plunger in a syringe?
What does 'U-100' indicate when referring to insulin syringes?
What does 'U-100' indicate when referring to insulin syringes?
For patients receiving 45 units of U-100 insulin, which type of syringe would be MOST appropriate?
For patients receiving 45 units of U-100 insulin, which type of syringe would be MOST appropriate?
A nurse is preparing a medication using a prefilled syringe. What is a DISADVANTAGE of using a prefilled syringe compared to a standard syringe?
A nurse is preparing a medication using a prefilled syringe. What is a DISADVANTAGE of using a prefilled syringe compared to a standard syringe?
Which part of the needle is defined as the diameter of the hole through which medication is administered?
Which part of the needle is defined as the diameter of the hole through which medication is administered?
When selecting a needle for an injection, what consideration is MOST important?
When selecting a needle for an injection, what consideration is MOST important?
A vial of medication contains a powdered drug that must be reconstituted. Prior to withdrawing the diluent, what action should the nurse take FIRST?
A vial of medication contains a powdered drug that must be reconstituted. Prior to withdrawing the diluent, what action should the nurse take FIRST?
To ensure accurate measurement when reading a syringe, the nurse should:
To ensure accurate measurement when reading a syringe, the nurse should:
A nurse is preparing medication from an ampule. Why is it necessary to use a filter needle when withdrawing the medication?
A nurse is preparing medication from an ampule. Why is it necessary to use a filter needle when withdrawing the medication?
After withdrawing medication from an ampule using a filter needle, what is the NEXT step before administering the medication?
After withdrawing medication from an ampule using a filter needle, what is the NEXT step before administering the medication?
When preparing medication from a vial, a nurse injects air into the vial before withdrawing the medication. What is the PRIMARY reason for this action?
When preparing medication from a vial, a nurse injects air into the vial before withdrawing the medication. What is the PRIMARY reason for this action?
What is the MOST appropriate method for mixing a Mix-O-Vial after activating the diaphragm-plunger?
What is the MOST appropriate method for mixing a Mix-O-Vial after activating the diaphragm-plunger?
When preparing two types of insulin in one syringe, which type of insulin should be drawn into the syringe FIRST?
When preparing two types of insulin in one syringe, which type of insulin should be drawn into the syringe FIRST?
Before combining two different types of insulin in the same syringe, the nurse MUST confirm:
Before combining two different types of insulin in the same syringe, the nurse MUST confirm:
After preparing two insulins in a single syringe, what action should the nurse take immediately?
After preparing two insulins in a single syringe, what action should the nurse take immediately?
Following an injection, the CDC recommends using needleless systems when possible to prevent needle stick injuries. According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), what percentage of needlestick injuries could be prevented in healthcare institutions?
Following an injection, the CDC recommends using needleless systems when possible to prevent needle stick injuries. According to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), what percentage of needlestick injuries could be prevented in healthcare institutions?
Of these needle gauge sizes, which has the SMALLEST diameter?
Of these needle gauge sizes, which has the SMALLEST diameter?
When administering subcutaneous medications, which needle gauge size would be MOST appropriate?
When administering subcutaneous medications, which needle gauge size would be MOST appropriate?
What is a characteristic of a glass ampule?
What is a characteristic of a glass ampule?
To ensure patient safety, what must be confirmed BEFORE preparing any parenteral medication?
To ensure patient safety, what must be confirmed BEFORE preparing any parenteral medication?
Which step is essential when preparing a medication for parenteral administration?
Which step is essential when preparing a medication for parenteral administration?
What is the PRIMARY reason for using a blunt access device instead of a standard needle when accessing a vial?
What is the PRIMARY reason for using a blunt access device instead of a standard needle when accessing a vial?
According to safety protocols, what must syringes and needles be?
According to safety protocols, what must syringes and needles be?
Where should used syringes and needles be disposed?
Where should used syringes and needles be disposed?
A nurse draws up the shorter-acting insulin before the longer acting if mixing in the same syringe. What must the nurse do FIRST?
A nurse draws up the shorter-acting insulin before the longer acting if mixing in the same syringe. What must the nurse do FIRST?
Which type of container system allows for the GREATEST accuracy for drug preparation?
Which type of container system allows for the GREATEST accuracy for drug preparation?
Flashcards
Parenteral administration
Parenteral administration
Drug administration by any route other than the GI tract.
Insulin Syringe
Insulin Syringe
A syringe with a special scale for measuring insulin.
Prefilled syringes
Prefilled syringes
Disposable syringes with a premeasured amount of medication
Syringe parts
Syringe parts
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Tuberculin syringe
Tuberculin syringe
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Needle gauge
Needle gauge
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Ampules
Ampules
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Vials
Vials
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Mix-O-Vials
Mix-O-Vials
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Needleless systems
Needleless systems
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Reconstituting
Reconstituting
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Reading a Syringe
Reading a Syringe
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Parts of the Needle
Parts of the Needle
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Sterile
Sterile
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Insulin Syringes
Insulin Syringes
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Study Notes
Parenteral Administration
- Parenteral administration involves drug delivery via routes other than the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
- Parenteral routes include intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV) injections
Parenteral Administration Effects
- Parenterally administered drugs have a rapid onset but shorter duration
- Parenteral administration allows for smaller dosages with higher potency and often results in higher costs
Syringes
- Syringes are typically made of hard plastic with three main parts: the barrel, plunger, and tip
- Syringes are calibrated in milliliters (mL)
- Tuberculin syringes are available and require just 1 mL syringe
Insulin Syringes
- Insulin syringes feature a special scale for measuring insulin
- In the United States, insulin is manufactured in U-100 concentration
- A U-100 syringe holds 100 units of insulin per milliliter
- Low-dose insulin syringes are for patients receiving 50 units or less of U-100 insulin
Prefilled Syringes
- Prefilled syringes are disposable and contain a premeasured amount of medication
- Advantages include time savings in preparation and reduced risk of contamination
- Disadvantages include additional expense, varied holders for different cartridges, and limited volume for a second medication
Needle Anatomy
- The needle comprises three parts: the hub, shaft, and beveled tip
- Needle gauge refers to the diameter of the needle's bore
- Needle selection depends on the site and patient type; smaller needles are generally for pediatric use
Needle Selection and Route
- Needle gauge and length depends on the route of administration
- The volume of medication varies for each type of injection
- Common injection types include intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular
- The reading should be taken from the point where the rubber flange is parallel to the calibration scale on the barrel
Safety Systems
- Safety systems involve the use of needleless systems
- Needleless systems provide an alternative to needles for routine procedures
- They reduce the risk of needlesticks with contaminated sharps
- Syringes and needles must be sterile
- Dispose of used syringes and needles in a sharps container, complying with OSHA standards
Parenteral Dosage Forms
- Ampules are glass containers typically holding a single dose
- Vials are glass containers that hold one or ore doses
- Mix-O-Vials are glass containers with an upper solvent-containing chamber and a lower drug-containing chamber, each with just a single dose
Equipment for Parenteral Medication Preparation
- Equipment includes a drug in a sterile, sealed container
- Equipment also includes a syringe of the correct volume, a needle of the correct gauge and length, and a needleless access device
- An antiseptic swab and the MAR or medication profile are also needed for preparation
Procedure Protocol
- Hand hygiene should be performed
- Follow the seven rights, and check the compatibility chart before mixing, as well as medication calculations
- Prepare the drug in a clean, well-lit area, use asepsis, and check the expiration date
Preparing Medication from an Ampule
- Move medication to the bottom of the ampule by shaking the liquid down out of the top
- Cover the ampule neck with a sterile gauze pledget or antiseptic swab while breaking off the top
- Use a filter needle to withdraw medication from the ampule, and discard the filter needle after
- Attach a new sterile needle using the correct gauge and length
- Administer the medication to the patient
Preparing Medication From a Vial (Reconstitution)
- Mix thoroughly to dissolve powdered medications
- Attach sterile needle using correct gauge and length
- Administer the medication to the patient
Preparing Medication From a Vial
- Cleanse the top of the vial of diluent
- Pull the plunger of the syringe to fill with an amount of air equal to the volume of solution to be withdrawn
- Insert the needle or needleless access device through the diaphragm; inject air into the vial
- Withdraw the measured volume of drug
- Attach sterile needle using correct gauge and length
- Administer the medication to the patient
Preparing Medication From a Mix-O-Vial
- Tap the container a few times to break up the caked powder
- Remove the plastic lid protector
- Push firmly on the diaphragm-plunger
- Mix thoroughly by shaking gently to dissolve drugs into solvent
- Cleanse the rubber diaphragm and remove drug using syringe to administer to patient
- Attach sterile needle using correct gauge and length
- Administer the medication to the patient
Preparing Two Medications in One Syringe
- Verify compatibility of the two types of insulin
- Check the labels against the provider's order on type
- Check the concentration, expiration date, appearance, and temperature
- Draw up the rapid-acting insulin into the syringe first, then add the intermediate-acting insulin
- Cleanse the top of both vials with separate antiseptic alcohol wipes
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