Parental Childhood Maltreatment and Gene-Environment Correlations Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What are the three main types of gene-environment correlations related to childhood maltreatment?

Passive, active, and reactive or evocative

What is the heritability range for childhood maltreatment according to studies?

6–62%

How does passive gene-environment correlation occur in the context of childhood maltreatment?

Parental genes influence family environments and are inherited by their children.

What is the SNP heritability percentage for childhood maltreatment according to a 2020 study?

6% Signup and view all the answers

How do reactive or evocative gene-environment correlations manifest in childhood maltreatment?

Children's genes shape their behavior and physical features, leading to different responses from parents or others. Signup and view all the answers

What types of health problems are linked to childhood maltreatment according to observational studies?

Severe and long-lasting mental and physical health problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the modest SNP heritability of childhood maltreatment?

6% of total phenotypic variance Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the variance in childhood maltreatment is due to active and reactive gene–environment correlation (AGEE) according to within-family analyses?

58% Signup and view all the answers

What did Mendelian randomisation analyses find about the causal effect of childhood maltreatment on major depressive disorder (MDD)?

Significant causal effect Signup and view all the answers

Which conditions did the study find bidirectional causal effects with childhood maltreatment?

ADHD and schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

What are the limitations of the study in understanding childhood maltreatment?

Small proportion of variance explained by genetic factors, non-uniform maltreatment measurement across cohorts, lack of distinction between objective and subjective maltreatment Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as important in the study to minimize the risk of child maltreatment and limit intergenerational transmission?

Family-based support strategies Signup and view all the answers

What were the methods used in the study to investigate childhood maltreatment?

The study used GWAS meta-analysis, SNP heritability, polygenic score analyses, contribution of different mechanisms, and Mendelian randomisation. Signup and view all the answers

How many independent loci associated with childhood maltreatment were identified in the study?

14 independent loci Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the characteristics associated with the loci identified in the study?

Mental health problems, risky behavior, smoking, cannabis use, cardiovascular health, sleep difficulties, reduced intelligence, and educational attainment Signup and view all the answers

In terms of gene-environment correlation, how much of the variance in childhood maltreatment was suggested to be due to active and reactive correlation?

58% Signup and view all the answers

What brain-specific characteristics were the loci enriched for in the study?

Histone marks, DNAse hypersensitivity sites, and high expression in excitatory neuron subpopulation (Ex4) Signup and view all the answers

Which cohorts were included in the study on childhood maltreatment?

UK Biobank, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Generation R, and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC_26K) Signup and view all the answers

Parental Childhood Maltreatment and Gene-Environment Correlations Quiz

Choose a study mode

Podcast

Questions and Answers