Parent-Offspring Conflict in Animal Behavior

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What behavior from the male bird could lead to the female killing him?

Singing loudly near the nest

Trying to defend the nest from predators

Bringing food to the nest

Sticking his head into the nest while she's laying eggs (correct)

Why do some fathers finally leave the female alone during egg-laying?

They need to find more food

They realize she needs more time to lay the eggs (correct)

They are afraid of the female

They get bored of the nest

What is a potential consequence of offspring emphasizing their need for food to parents?

They develop better immunity

They grow faster

They risk their own lives (correct)

They become stronger than their siblings

Which of the following behaviors is considered an honest indicator of health in chicks during begging for food?

Showing inside of their mouths and throats (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do parents give food to chicks with brighter mouths over duller ones?

Because it indicates better health in the chicks (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does optimal allocation of parental effort depend on according to the text?

Perspective (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of pollinators in the context of the text?

To carry sperm to fertilize flower ovules (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do hummingbirds differ from bees in terms of flower visitation?

Hummingbirds have long narrow tubes for nectar, while bees land on flowers for nectar. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What serves as a reproductive barrier between monkeyflowers due to specialization for different pollinators?

The presence of brushy hairs on the flower (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do courtship rituals contribute to reproductive barriers among firefly species?

By preventing males from mating with females from another species (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it harmful for females to mate with males of other species in fireflies?

It harms the females' health (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role do yellow ridges and brushy hairs play in bee-pollinated flowers?

Guiding pollen onto the bodies of bees (D) Signup and view all the answers

What trade-off do trees face according to the text?

Defenses against red squirrels and crossbills (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential role of coevolution in extinction?

It may play a role in extinction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are native flowers on the mainland of New Zealand suffering pollination failure?

Since the birds are extinct, they lost their pollinators (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Tinbergen's 4 questions for studying behavior, which one addresses how behavior influences fitness?

Why do variations in behavior influence fitness? (adaptation) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome for island flowers after the extinction of birds they depended on for pollination?

Produced about as much fruit on their own as when pollinated by hand (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why might a plant still be present even after losing its pollinators due to extinction?

Due to the slow growth and long lifespan of the plant (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the polar bears' range during warm periods?

It shrinks (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the scale for measuring the strength of reproductive isolation?

0 to 1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of isolation typically evolves faster in flies?

Prezygotic isolation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to hybrids' offspring in rare cases?

They duplicate their entire genome (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the offspring having 10 chromosomes?

They become a distinct sexually reproducing species (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does speciation depend on?

It depends on both time and number of generations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of species extinction?

Competition with other species (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do paleontologists measure the longevity of a given species?

By measuring the time between its oldest and youngest known fossils (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is background extinction?

The normal rate of extinction for a taxon or biota (A) Signup and view all the answers

What causes a mass extinction?

A slower rate of new species emergence than the rate of extinction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a cause for habitat loss leading to a species' extinction?

Cutting down trees (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are some causes of mass extinctions?

Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions (C) Signup and view all the answers