Parent-Offspring Conflict in Animal Behavior
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Questions and Answers

What behavior from the male bird could lead to the female killing him?

  • Singing loudly near the nest
  • Trying to defend the nest from predators
  • Bringing food to the nest
  • Sticking his head into the nest while she's laying eggs (correct)

Why do some fathers finally leave the female alone during egg-laying?

  • They need to find more food
  • They realize she needs more time to lay the eggs (correct)
  • They are afraid of the female
  • They get bored of the nest

What is a potential consequence of offspring emphasizing their need for food to parents?

  • They develop better immunity
  • They grow faster
  • They risk their own lives (correct)
  • They become stronger than their siblings

Which of the following behaviors is considered an honest indicator of health in chicks during begging for food?

<p>Showing inside of their mouths and throats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do parents give food to chicks with brighter mouths over duller ones?

<p>Because it indicates better health in the chicks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does optimal allocation of parental effort depend on according to the text?

<p>Perspective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of pollinators in the context of the text?

<p>To carry sperm to fertilize flower ovules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hummingbirds differ from bees in terms of flower visitation?

<p>Hummingbirds have long narrow tubes for nectar, while bees land on flowers for nectar. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as a reproductive barrier between monkeyflowers due to specialization for different pollinators?

<p>The presence of brushy hairs on the flower (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do courtship rituals contribute to reproductive barriers among firefly species?

<p>By preventing males from mating with females from another species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it harmful for females to mate with males of other species in fireflies?

<p>It harms the females' health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do yellow ridges and brushy hairs play in bee-pollinated flowers?

<p>Guiding pollen onto the bodies of bees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trade-off do trees face according to the text?

<p>Defenses against red squirrels and crossbills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential role of coevolution in extinction?

<p>It may play a role in extinction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are native flowers on the mainland of New Zealand suffering pollination failure?

<p>Since the birds are extinct, they lost their pollinators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Tinbergen's 4 questions for studying behavior, which one addresses how behavior influences fitness?

<p>Why do variations in behavior influence fitness? (adaptation) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome for island flowers after the extinction of birds they depended on for pollination?

<p>Produced about as much fruit on their own as when pollinated by hand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a plant still be present even after losing its pollinators due to extinction?

<p>Due to the slow growth and long lifespan of the plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the polar bears' range during warm periods?

<p>It shrinks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scale for measuring the strength of reproductive isolation?

<p>0 to 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of isolation typically evolves faster in flies?

<p>Prezygotic isolation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to hybrids' offspring in rare cases?

<p>They duplicate their entire genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the offspring having 10 chromosomes?

<p>They become a distinct sexually reproducing species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does speciation depend on?

<p>It depends on both time and number of generations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of species extinction?

<p>Competition with other species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do paleontologists measure the longevity of a given species?

<p>By measuring the time between its oldest and youngest known fossils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is background extinction?

<p>The normal rate of extinction for a taxon or biota (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes a mass extinction?

<p>A slower rate of new species emergence than the rate of extinction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of a cause for habitat loss leading to a species' extinction?

<p>Cutting down trees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some causes of mass extinctions?

<p>Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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