Auditory Communication in Pups and Parents lec 1

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Questions and Answers

What type of communication is being examined in the studies?

  • Visual
  • Tactile
  • Auditory (correct)
  • Olfactory

What is posted under the module for each week?

  • Assignments
  • Lecture notes
  • Office hours
  • Lecture slides (correct)

How many exams are there in the course?

  • Three quizzes and no exams
  • One midterm and one final exam (correct)
  • One final exam
  • Two midterms and one final exam

What type of questions can be found on the exams?

<p>Multiple-choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and short-answer questions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often are online quizzes posted?

<p>Every Monday (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of office hours?

<p>To get help with online quizzes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the format of the final project?

<p>Annotated bibliography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the final project due?

<p>7/24 by 11:59pm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common function that castration traditionally served?

<p>All of the above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the researcher who conducted the first formal experiment in behavioral endocrinology?

<p>Berthold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Berthold's experiment involving implanting testes into a capon?

<p>The implanted testes developed a vascular supply but not neural connections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Berthold's experiment conclude about the role of testes in behavior?

<p>A blood-borne substance from the testes affects morphology and behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What level of biological analysis is concerned with evolutionary history?

<p>Ultimate Causation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions do Ultimate Causation and Proximate Causation address?

<p>How and why questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a male chicken that has been castrated before adulthood?

<p>Capon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of considering multiple levels of biological analysis?

<p>To consider multiple, complementary explanations for the same behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What level of analysis focuses on the evolutionary history and adaptation of a behavior?

<p>Ultimate Causation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of singing in male zebra finches, according to the ultimate causation level of analysis?

<p>To attract females and exclude rival males (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of testosterone in the immediate causation level of analysis for male zebra finches' singing behavior?

<p>It activates the song-control system in the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of behavioral endocrinology states that hormones and behavior have bi-directional effects?

<p>Hormones and behavior have bi-directional effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a hormone that exerts complementary effects on the brain and body, according to the principles of behavioral endocrinology?

<p>Oxytocin, which promotes maternal motivation and milk release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of behavioral endocrinology emphasizes that hormones do not directly cause behavior, but rather alter the probability of its expression?

<p>Hormones don't cause behavior, they alter probabilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of correlational studies in behavioral endocrinology, according to the principles of behavioral endocrinology?

<p>They cannot establish causation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of analysis focuses on the neural and sensory mechanisms underlying a behavior?

<p>Immediate Causation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of exposing a chip to a tissue sample?

<p>To hybridize mRNA with probes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are vasopressin receptors typically located?

<p>In the ventral pallidum of prairie voles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between knockouts and knockdowns?

<p>Knockouts are permanent, while knockdowns are temporary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of brain lesions?

<p>To study the function of a brain region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is optogenetics used to study?

<p>The function of a group of neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is autoradiography used to detect?

<p>Radiolabeled hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of optogenetics over brain lesions?

<p>Optogenetics has higher temporal resolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of transgenics?

<p>To insert specific genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of immunoassays?

<p>To measure the amount of immunologically active hormone in a sample (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)?

<p>RIA uses radioactivity, while ELISA uses enzymatic reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Immunohistochemistry (IHC)?

<p>To determine the location of a hormone in a tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of In situ hybridization?

<p>To identify the expression of a particular gene in a tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DNA Microarrays?

<p>To identify which genes are expressed in a tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique used to detect human pregnancies until the late 1950s?

<p>Rabbit ovaries bioassay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Rabbit ovaries bioassay?

<p>To detect the presence of hCG in human urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to study the brains of prairie voles and meadow voles?

<p>Immunohistochemistry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Overview of the Course

  • Lecture slides will be posted on the module for each week
  • Attendance at discussion is mandatory, including the first week
  • No textbook required
  • Exams consist of multiple choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and short-answer questions
  • Online quizzes will be posted each Monday and are due each Friday at 11:59 pm

Behavioral Endocrinology & Human History

  • Castration has traditionally served many religious, social, or agricultural functions
  • Eunuchs and Italian castrato are examples of castration in history

History of Behavioral Endocrinology

  • Berthold (1848) conducted the first formal experiment in behavioral endocrinology
  • He demonstrated the classic approach of removal and replacement of the source of a hormone
  • He illustrated the classic focus of the field on examining sex differences in behavior

Levels of Biological Analysis

  • Allows consideration of multiple, complementary explanations for the same behavior
  • Ultimate Causation:
    • Evolution: examines evolutionary history and why a behavior occurs
    • Adaptive Function: examines the current utility of a behavior
  • Proximate Causation:
    • Ontogenetic Development: examines the development of a behavior during an individual's lifetime
    • Immediate Causation: examines the physiological, neural, and sensory mechanisms underlying a behavior

Key Principles of Behavioral Endocrinology

  • Hormones don't cause behavior, they alter probabilities that behaviors will be expressed under certain conditions
  • Hormones and behavior have bi-directional effects
  • Hormones often exert complementary effects on the brain and body
  • Hormone-behavior interactions are often, but not always, mediated by the central nervous system
  • Linear and non-linear relationships can exist between hormones and behavior
  • Hormone-behavior correlation does not prove causation

Techniques in Behavioral Endocrinology

  • Technique #1: not mentioned
  • Technique #4: Immunoassays (e.g., Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA))
  • Technique #5: Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
  • Technique #6: In situ hybridization
  • Technique #7: DNA Microarrays
  • Technique #8: Autoradiography
  • Technique #9: Genetic Manipulations (e.g., Knockouts, Knockdowns, Transgenics)
  • Technique #10: Brain Lesions
  • Technique #11: Optogenetics

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BIOL178 Lecture 1 Summer24 PDF

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