Auditory Communication in Pups and Parents lec 1

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Questions and Answers

What type of communication is being examined in the studies?

Visual

Tactile

Auditory (correct)

Olfactory

What is posted under the module for each week?

Assignments

Lecture notes

Office hours

Lecture slides (correct)

How many exams are there in the course?

Three quizzes and no exams

One midterm and one final exam (correct)

One final exam

Two midterms and one final exam

What type of questions can be found on the exams?

Multiple-choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and short-answer questions Signup and view all the answers

How often are online quizzes posted?

Every Monday Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of office hours?

To get help with online quizzes Signup and view all the answers

What is the format of the final project?

Annotated bibliography Signup and view all the answers

When is the final project due?

7/24 by 11:59pm Signup and view all the answers

What is a common function that castration traditionally served?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the researcher who conducted the first formal experiment in behavioral endocrinology?

Berthold Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Berthold's experiment involving implanting testes into a capon?

The implanted testes developed a vascular supply but not neural connections Signup and view all the answers

What did Berthold's experiment conclude about the role of testes in behavior?

A blood-borne substance from the testes affects morphology and behavior Signup and view all the answers

What level of biological analysis is concerned with evolutionary history?

Ultimate Causation Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions do Ultimate Causation and Proximate Causation address?

How and why questions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a male chicken that has been castrated before adulthood?

Capon Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of considering multiple levels of biological analysis?

To consider multiple, complementary explanations for the same behavior Signup and view all the answers

What level of analysis focuses on the evolutionary history and adaptation of a behavior?

Ultimate Causation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of singing in male zebra finches, according to the ultimate causation level of analysis?

To attract females and exclude rival males Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of testosterone in the immediate causation level of analysis for male zebra finches' singing behavior?

It activates the song-control system in the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of behavioral endocrinology states that hormones and behavior have bi-directional effects?

Hormones and behavior have bi-directional effects Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a hormone that exerts complementary effects on the brain and body, according to the principles of behavioral endocrinology?

Oxytocin, which promotes maternal motivation and milk release Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of behavioral endocrinology emphasizes that hormones do not directly cause behavior, but rather alter the probability of its expression?

Hormones don't cause behavior, they alter probabilities Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of correlational studies in behavioral endocrinology, according to the principles of behavioral endocrinology?

They cannot establish causation Signup and view all the answers

Which level of analysis focuses on the neural and sensory mechanisms underlying a behavior?

Immediate Causation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of exposing a chip to a tissue sample?

To hybridize mRNA with probes Signup and view all the answers

Where are vasopressin receptors typically located?

In the ventral pallidum of prairie voles Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between knockouts and knockdowns?

Knockouts are permanent, while knockdowns are temporary Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of brain lesions?

To study the function of a brain region Signup and view all the answers

What is optogenetics used to study?

The function of a group of neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is autoradiography used to detect?

Radiolabeled hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of optogenetics over brain lesions?

Optogenetics has higher temporal resolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of transgenics?

To insert specific genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of immunoassays?

To measure the amount of immunologically active hormone in a sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)?

RIA uses radioactivity, while ELISA uses enzymatic reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Immunohistochemistry (IHC)?

To determine the location of a hormone in a tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of In situ hybridization?

To identify the expression of a particular gene in a tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DNA Microarrays?

To identify which genes are expressed in a tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique used to detect human pregnancies until the late 1950s?

Rabbit ovaries bioassay Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Rabbit ovaries bioassay?

To detect the presence of hCG in human urine Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to study the brains of prairie voles and meadow voles?

Immunohistochemistry Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of the Course

Lecture slides will be posted on the module for each week
Attendance at discussion is mandatory, including the first week
No textbook required
Exams consist of multiple choice, matching, fill-in-the-blank, and short-answer questions
Online quizzes will be posted each Monday and are due each Friday at 11:59 pm

Behavioral Endocrinology & Human History

Castration has traditionally served many religious, social, or agricultural functions
Eunuchs and Italian castrato are examples of castration in history

History of Behavioral Endocrinology

Berthold (1848) conducted the first formal experiment in behavioral endocrinology
He demonstrated the classic approach of removal and replacement of the source of a hormone
He illustrated the classic focus of the field on examining sex differences in behavior

Levels of Biological Analysis

Allows consideration of multiple, complementary explanations for the same behavior
Ultimate Causation:
- Evolution: examines evolutionary history and why a behavior occurs
- Adaptive Function: examines the current utility of a behavior
Proximate Causation:
- Ontogenetic Development: examines the development of a behavior during an individual's lifetime
- Immediate Causation: examines the physiological, neural, and sensory mechanisms underlying a behavior

Key Principles of Behavioral Endocrinology

Hormones don't cause behavior, they alter probabilities that behaviors will be expressed under certain conditions
Hormones and behavior have bi-directional effects
Hormones often exert complementary effects on the brain and body
Hormone-behavior interactions are often, but not always, mediated by the central nervous system
Linear and non-linear relationships can exist between hormones and behavior
Hormone-behavior correlation does not prove causation

Techniques in Behavioral Endocrinology

Technique #1: not mentioned
Technique #4: Immunoassays (e.g., Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA))
Technique #5: Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Technique #6: In situ hybridization
Technique #7: DNA Microarrays
Technique #8: Autoradiography
Technique #9: Genetic Manipulations (e.g., Knockouts, Knockdowns, Transgenics)
Technique #10: Brain Lesions
Technique #11: Optogenetics

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Description

This study explores the role of auditory communication between pups and parents, examining behavioral experiments, vocal analysis, and auditory brainstem responses to understand neural activation of auditory systems.