Parathyroid Gland Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the parathyroid gland?

Producing thyroid hormone

Producing insulin

Assisting in blood clotting

Regulating blood calcium levels (correct)

Which type of hyperparathyroidism is common in women?

Primary hyperparathyroidism (correct)

Quaternary hyperparathyroidism

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

What is a common clinical manifestation of hyperparathyroidism?

Decreased serum calcium level

Memory enhancement

Hypotension

Renal stones (correct)

Which treatment helps to reduce calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in the blood?

Cinacalcet drug therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rotating the site of injection for insulin?

To prevent lipodystrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended storage condition for the vial of insulin in current use?

Room temperature Signup and view all the answers

Why should the vial of insulin be gently rolled between the palms?

To redistribute insulin particles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hypoglycemia (insulin shock)?

Straneous exercise Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia?

Restlessness, hunger pangs, weakness Signup and view all the answers

How should hypoglycemia be managed if the patient is unconscious?

Administer Dextrose 50% intravenously Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone deficiency characterizes Hypoparathyroidism?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What are the common symptoms of Hypoparathyroidism?

Anxiety, muscle cramps, and seizures Signup and view all the answers

How is Hypoparathyroidism diagnosed?

Low serum calcium and high blood phosphorus levels Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of Diabetes Mellitus?

Stress, heredity, and obesity Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of Diabetes Mellitus?

Type 1 and Type 2 Signup and view all the answers

How is Diabetes Mellitus diagnosed?

Elevated fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended exercise for diabetes patients?

Brisk walking Signup and view all the answers

What are the common side effects of insulin administration?

Hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal upset Signup and view all the answers

What are the general precautions for exercising with diabetes?

Avoiding exercise in extreme temperatures Signup and view all the answers

What are common medications used to manage diabetes?

Sulphonylureas and biguanides Signup and view all the answers

How should insulin be administered?

Avoiding cold insulin during administration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypoparathyroidism is an endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient parathyroid hormone production.
Causes include accidental removal or trauma to parathyroid glands during surgery, autoimmune disorders, and radioactive iodine treatment.
Symptoms include anxiety, irritability, abdominal pain, brittle nails, dry hair, dry and scaly skin, muscle cramps, tetany, pain in face, legs, and feet, and seizures.
Diagnosis is confirmed by low serum calcium, high blood phosphorus, and low parathyroid hormone levels, as well as the absence or damage of parathyroid glands on CT scans.
Treatment involves administering calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements, maintaining calcium and low phosphorus levels, and monitoring for side effects like nausea, vomiting, headache, and mental confusion.
In severe cases, intravenously administered calcium gluconate and injury prevention during seizures may be necessary.
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin secretion or action defects.
Causes include stress, heredity, obesity, and viral or autoimmune disorders.
Types include Type 1 (IDDM, juvenile onset, complete insulin deficiency, and thin patients), Type 2 (NIDDM, maturity onset, less insulin secretion with increased insulin demand, and obese patients), and gestational diabetes.
Diagnosis is confirmed by elevated fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar levels, as well as oral glucose tolerance tests and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels.
Management involves diet control (50-60% carbohydrates, 20-30% fat, and 10-20% protein, increased fiber intake), activity/exercise, oral hypoglycemic agents (for Type 2 DM), and insulin administration.
Hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal upset are common side effects of insulin administration.
Brisk walking is a recommended exercise for diabetes patients due to increased carbohydrate uptake and decreased insulin requirements.
Proper footwear, avoiding extreme temperatures, inspecting feet daily, and maintaining consistent exercise routines are general precautions for exercising with diabetes.
Oral hypoglycemic agents (sulphonylureas and biguanides) and insulin are common medications used to manage diabetes.
Insulin administration involves choosing the appropriate type and dosage, injecting subcutaneously at a 90-degree angle, avoiding cold insulin, and storing insulin properly.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the parathyroid gland and the disorders associated with it, including hyperparathyroidism. Learn about the role of parathormone in regulating blood calcium levels and its impact on calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D.