Parasympathetic System: Cholinergic Agonists
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Questions and Answers

In which part of the brain are M4 muscarinic receptors primarily found?

  • Cerebellum
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Substantia nigra
  • Basal ganglia, amygdala, and hippocampus (correct)

    • What is the primary function of M2 receptors in the heart?

  • Decreasing heart rate and force of contraction (correct)
  • Stimulating salivary secretions
  • Regulating vasodilation
  • Increasing heart rate and force of contraction

    • Which of the following is NOT a location where muscarinic receptors are found?

  • Endothelial cells
  • Skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Autonomic ganglia
  • Neuro-effector junction

    • What is the primary mechanism of action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Binding to muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are nicotinic receptors primarily found?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of acetylcholine on heart rate?

    <p>Decreases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effect of M3 muscarinic receptors?

    <p>Increased salivary secretions and motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of acetylcholine signal transduction?

    <p>Stimulation of 2nd messenger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of neostigmine?

    <p>4-8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of Echothiophate?

    <p>Irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic use of Pyridostigmine?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis and antidote for tubocurarine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Pralidoxime?

    <p>Reactivation of acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common side effect of muscarinic agonists?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic use of Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Galantamine?

    <p>Treatment of Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of synthetic organophosphate compounds?

    <p>They are used as nerve gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of Demecarium?

    <p>Similar to neostigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of Edrophonium?

    <p>Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the adverse effect of muscarinic agonists?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents has a structurally related acetylcholine that is not destroyed by acetylcholinesterase?

    <p>Bethanechol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of indirect-acting agents?

    <p>They inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic use of Pilocarpine?

    <p>Ophthalmology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of Carbachol?

    <p>Bronchospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents stimulates the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Carbachol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of Bethanechol?

    <p>Urology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Physostigmine?

    <p>Inhibits acetylcholinesterase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of Pilocarpine?

    <p>Body odor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between direct-acting and indirect-acting agents?

    <p>Direct-acting agents stimulate receptors directly, while indirect-acting agents influence the metabolism of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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