Parasympathetic System: Cholinergic Agonists

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In which part of the brain are M4 muscarinic receptors primarily found?

Cerebellum

Cerebral cortex

Substantia nigra

Basal ganglia, amygdala, and hippocampus (correct)

What is the primary function of M2 receptors in the heart?

Decreasing heart rate and force of contraction (correct)

Stimulating salivary secretions

Regulating vasodilation

Increasing heart rate and force of contraction

Which of the following is NOT a location where muscarinic receptors are found?

Endothelial cells

Skeletal muscle (correct)

Autonomic ganglia

Neuro-effector junction

What is the primary mechanism of action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Binding to muscarinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Where are nicotinic receptors primarily found?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on heart rate?

Decreases heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effect of M3 muscarinic receptors?

Increased salivary secretions and motility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of acetylcholine signal transduction?

Stimulation of 2nd messenger Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of action of neostigmine?

4-8 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of Echothiophate?

Irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of Pyridostigmine?

Myasthenia gravis and antidote for tubocurarine Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Pralidoxime?

Reactivation of acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect of muscarinic agonists?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Galantamine?

Treatment of Alzheimer's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of synthetic organophosphate compounds?

They are used as nerve gases Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of Demecarium?

Similar to neostigmine Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of Edrophonium?

Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis Signup and view all the answers

What is the adverse effect of muscarinic agonists?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents has a structurally related acetylcholine that is not destroyed by acetylcholinesterase?

Bethanechol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of indirect-acting agents?

They inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapeutic use of Pilocarpine?

Ophthalmology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of Carbachol?

Bronchospasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents stimulates the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

Carbachol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Bethanechol?

Urology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Physostigmine?

Inhibits acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of Pilocarpine?

Body odor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between direct-acting and indirect-acting agents?

Direct-acting agents stimulate receptors directly, while indirect-acting agents influence the metabolism of acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Parasympathetic System: Cholinergic Agonists

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Questions and Answers

In which part of the brain are M4 muscarinic receptors primarily found?

What is the primary function of M2 receptors in the heart?

Which of the following is NOT a location where muscarinic receptors are found?

What is the primary mechanism of action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Where are nicotinic receptors primarily found?

What is the effect of acetylcholine on heart rate?

Which of the following is an effect of M3 muscarinic receptors?

What is the primary mechanism of acetylcholine signal transduction?

What is the duration of action of neostigmine?

What is the action of Echothiophate?

What is the therapeutic use of Pyridostigmine?

What is the mechanism of action of Pralidoxime?

What is the common side effect of muscarinic agonists?

What is the therapeutic use of Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, and Galantamine?

What is the characteristic of synthetic organophosphate compounds?

What is the action of Demecarium?

What is the use of Edrophonium?

What is the adverse effect of muscarinic agonists?

Which of the following agents has a structurally related acetylcholine that is not destroyed by acetylcholinesterase?

What is the primary mechanism of indirect-acting agents?

What is the primary therapeutic use of Pilocarpine?

What is the primary adverse effect of Carbachol?

Which of the following agents stimulates the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

What is the primary application of Bethanechol?

What is the primary action of Physostigmine?

What is the primary adverse effect of Pilocarpine?

What is the primary difference between direct-acting and indirect-acting agents?

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