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Questions and Answers
What is the direct effect of Ach on the cardiac muscarinic receptors (M2)?
What is the direct effect of Ach on the cardiac muscarinic receptors (M2)?
What is the effect of Ach on the respiratory system?
What is the effect of Ach on the respiratory system?
Which receptor activation leads to vasodilation and lowering of blood pressure?
Which receptor activation leads to vasodilation and lowering of blood pressure?
What is the effect of Ach on the eye?
What is the effect of Ach on the eye?
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What is the effect of Ach on the urinary system?
What is the effect of Ach on the urinary system?
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Which cholinesterase inhibitor is used for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis?
Which cholinesterase inhibitor is used for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis?
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What is the mechanism of action of Rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease?
What is the mechanism of action of Rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease?
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Which condition can be treated with Neostigmine?
Which condition can be treated with Neostigmine?
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What is the primary effect of irreversible anticholinesterases in organophosphorus poisoning?
What is the primary effect of irreversible anticholinesterases in organophosphorus poisoning?
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Which neurotransmitter is targeted by Myasthenia gravis antibodies?
Which neurotransmitter is targeted by Myasthenia gravis antibodies?
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Study Notes
Cholinergic Agonists
- Cholinergic agonists can be classified into two categories: direct cholinergic agonists and indirect cholinergic agonists (anti-cholinesterases)
Direct Cholinergic Agonists
- Examples: Cholinomimetic alkaloids (e.g. pilocarpine)
- Pilocarpine is used topically for pre-operative treatment of closed-angle glaucoma
Indirect Cholinergic Agonists (Anti-Cholinesterases)
- Classification based on duration of action:
- Short-acting: Edrophonium
- Intermediate-acting: Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Rivastigmine
- Long-acting (Irreversible): Organophosphorus compounds
Therapeutic Uses of Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors
- Myasthenia gravis
- Alzheimer's disease
- Reversal of competitive neuromuscular blockers (NMB) to regain skeletal muscle activity at the end of surgery
Myasthenia Gravis
- A disease characterized by fluctuating weakness of voluntary muscles
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Description
Test your knowledge of the pharmacology of parasympathetic (cholinergic) agonists, including the clinical pharmacology, autonomic parasympathetic innervation, neuromuscular junction, central neurotransmitter, and pharmacological subtypes of cholinergic receptors.
