Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which groups asexually replicate in the primary host?
Which groups asexually replicate in the primary host?
- Protozoa and Helminths.
- Helminths and Bacteria.
- Viruses only.
- Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protozoa. (correct)
What is the defining characteristic of Parasitism?
What is the defining characteristic of Parasitism?
- The parasite is usually the larger organism.
- The parasite is metabolically dependent on the host. (correct)
- Both organisms benefit from the relationship.
- The host is always a plant.
What does subclinical infection refer to?
What does subclinical infection refer to?
- Infection with severe symptoms.
- Infection with no effect on the host.
- Infection that benefits the host.
- Infection with no clear signs; subtle performance losses. (correct)
What is a characteristic of Trematoda (Flatworms: Flukes)?
What is a characteristic of Trematoda (Flatworms: Flukes)?
Why is accurate communication regarding parasites important?
Why is accurate communication regarding parasites important?
Which of the following groups do not asexually replicate in the primary host?
Which of the following groups do not asexually replicate in the primary host?
What is the free-living infectious stage of nematodes?
What is the free-living infectious stage of nematodes?
What is the first step in the indirect life cycle of nematodes?
What is the first step in the indirect life cycle of nematodes?
What is the role of the snail in the life cycle of trematodes?
What is the role of the snail in the life cycle of trematodes?
What is the infective stage of trematodes that is ingested by the definitive host?
What is the infective stage of trematodes that is ingested by the definitive host?
What is the relationship between the definitive host and the intermediate host in the life cycle of advanced tapeworms?
What is the relationship between the definitive host and the intermediate host in the life cycle of advanced tapeworms?
What is the sexually mature form of a parasite known as?
What is the sexually mature form of a parasite known as?
Which of the following is an example of a cestode that requires an intermediate host?
Which of the following is an example of a cestode that requires an intermediate host?
Which type of host is accidentally infected by a parasite but does not allow the parasite to continue development?
Which type of host is accidentally infected by a parasite but does not allow the parasite to continue development?
What is the term for the movement of immature parasite stages within the tissues of a host?
What is the term for the movement of immature parasite stages within the tissues of a host?
Which type of vector is necessary for pathogen development?
Which type of vector is necessary for pathogen development?
In which life cycle does the parasite require an intermediate host?
In which life cycle does the parasite require an intermediate host?
What is the first step in the general helminth life cycle?
What is the first step in the general helminth life cycle?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tapeworms (Cestoda)?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tapeworms (Cestoda)?
Which of the following arthropod groups has adults with 8 legs?
Which of the following arthropod groups has adults with 8 legs?
What is the term used to describe an infection where sexually mature parasites are generating offspring?
What is the term used to describe an infection where sexually mature parasites are generating offspring?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for understanding parasite life cycles?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for understanding parasite life cycles?
What is the term used to describe the developmental/maturation time needed between infection and the production of offspring?
What is the term used to describe the developmental/maturation time needed between infection and the production of offspring?
Which of the following arthropod groups includes lice and fleas?
Which of the following arthropod groups includes lice and fleas?
What is the role of the 2nd intermediate host (fish or frog) in the life cycle of primitive tapeworms (Spirometra)?
What is the role of the 2nd intermediate host (fish or frog) in the life cycle of primitive tapeworms (Spirometra)?
What is the first step in the life cycle of primitive tapeworms (Spirometra)?
What is the first step in the life cycle of primitive tapeworms (Spirometra)?
Which host ingests the free-living larval stage (coracidium) in the life cycle of primitive tapeworms?
Which host ingests the free-living larval stage (coracidium) in the life cycle of primitive tapeworms?
When does the infective larval stage develop in the intermediate host in the life cycle described?
When does the infective larval stage develop in the intermediate host in the life cycle described?
What triggers the ingestion of infective larva by the definitive host?
What triggers the ingestion of infective larva by the definitive host?
Study Notes
Parasitology
- Parasitism: intimate relationship between two hetero-specific organisms, where the parasite is metabolically dependent on the host.
Groups of Organisms
- Protozoa: unicellular
- Helminths: worms
- Arthropods: "bugs"
- Microbes: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi
Parasite Effects on Host
- Continuum of effects: no effect, subclinical infection, clinical infection
- Clinical judgement: assessing whether the effect on the patient is significant enough to justify treatment
Classification of Parasites
- Based on morphology
- Protozoa:
- Apicomplexa: coccidians and hemosporidians
- Mastigophora: mucoflagellates and hemoflagellates
- Helminths:
- Nematoda (Roundworms): body cavity, pass-through alimentary canal, surface cuticle, dioecious
- Trematoda (Flatworms: Flukes): no body cavity, blind pouch digestive tract, surface tegument, hermaphroditic
- Arthropods:
- Arachnida: adult stage has 8 legs, larval stage has 6 legs (e.g., mites, ticks)
- Insecta: adult stage has 6 legs, some with wings (e.g., lice, fleas, flies)
Life Cycles of Helminths
- General cycle: contamination, development of preinfective stages, infection, maturation of adult stage
- Nematodes:
- Direct life cycle: no external stages, infective larva develops in egg
- Indirect life cycle: egg or embryo/ larva ingested by or penetrates intermediate host
- Trematodes:
- Require snail intermediate hosts
- Life cycle: egg passed in feces, larval stage develops in snail, infective larva (metacercariae) develops
- Cestodes (Tapeworms):
- Require intermediate hosts
- Direct life cycle: infectious stage develops in environment
- Indirect life cycle: larval stage develops in intermediate host
Importance of Life Cycles
- Control of disease
- Diagnosis of disease and parasite identification
- Prediction of disease
- Prevention of cross-host infection and zoonosis
- Environmental management to minimize host infection
- Timing of treatment and repeat treatment
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Description
Test your knowledge on general concepts in parasitology and microbiology, including parasitism, infectious groups of organisms, and asexual replication in the primary host.
