Parasites and the Immune System

<p>The regulatory T cell network is underactive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of molecules triggering immunosuppression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their mechanisms of immune modulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helminth surfaces are difficult to penetrate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helminth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigenic variation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VSG gene expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T. cruzi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through immunosuppression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune memory enhancement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tsetse fly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediates responses to helminths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Worm therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By changing their antigenic profile using VSG gene expression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help target and attack the larger size of helminths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It triggers an immune response on its own (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher rates of development of autoimmune diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps in overwhelming the host's antibody production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of small chemical molecules that mimic the protein's activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bystander damage minimization by modulating responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of worms reduces the immune system's response to allergens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mechanism where microbes change their surface antigens to avoid immune system detection.

A parasite that uses antigenic variation to evade the host's immune system.

Methods used by parasites to avoid destruction by the host's immune defense.

Parasites that live inside host cells to avoid immune detection.

A parasite's strategy of mimicking host proteins or molecules to hide from the immune system.

A parasite's strategy of weakening the host's immune response to facilitate infection.

The overall process by which parasites avoid being destroyed by the host's immune system.

The body's defense against pathogens, including parasites.

A protein secreted by a parasitic worm (Acanthocheilonema viteae) that triggers anti-inflammatory immune responses.

Parasites manipulating the host's immune system to evade detection or cause a desired effect.

Creating small chemical molecules that mimic the activity of proteins like ES-62 to treat inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

Large parasitic worms requiring different immune responses compared to smaller microorganisms.

Immune response components used to fight parasitic worms; aim to limit bystander damage.

Reduced parasitic worm infections might be linked to an increase in allergic diseases due to the immune system reacting wrongly to allergens.

Drugs that modify the immune system's activity, potentially developed from understanding worm immune responses.

Parasitic worms, like other infectious agents, affect host immune responses. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that a lack of exposure to these worms in developed countries might contribute to immune system issues like allergies and autoimmune diseases.

Immune responses that target smaller microbes (bacteria, protozoa) are often ineffective against larger parasites (worms). Different immune mechanisms target worms.

Regulatory T cells help suppress immune responses to parasites (worms) to avoid unnecessary damage to host tissues. Worms also produce molecules to suppress the immune response.

A lack of exposure to parasites (worms) in developed countries might lead to issues with immune regulation, possibly contributing to allergies and autoimmune diseases by altering the developing immune system.

The hygiene hypothesis suggests that a lack of exposure to parasitic worms during development may weaken the effectiveness of the immune system in regulating the appropriate response to environmental allergens and could lead to development of allergies.

Exploiting the mechanisms used by worms to modify the host's immunity may offer potential therapeutic benefits.

The inappropriate immune response to a trigger can lead to autoimmune disease. This is a result of an altered immune system, especially in the absence of parasitic infections.