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Questions and Answers
Which fluid compartment is located inside the cell?
Which fluid compartment is located inside the cell?
What is the term used to describe the fluid found in arteries and veins, carrying plasma, blood products, and nutrients?
What is the term used to describe the fluid found in arteries and veins, carrying plasma, blood products, and nutrients?
Which term is commonly used to refer to the fluid found in the interstitial spaces, often seen as edema?
Which term is commonly used to refer to the fluid found in the interstitial spaces, often seen as edema?
Which of the following processes is responsible for the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration?
Which of the following processes is responsible for the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration?
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Which of the following statements is true about the concentration or osmolarity of intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) in a healthy individual?
Which of the following statements is true about the concentration or osmolarity of intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) in a healthy individual?
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What is the term used to describe the delicate membrane that separates the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments and allows fluid to move in and out?
What is the term used to describe the delicate membrane that separates the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments and allows fluid to move in and out?
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Which of the following statements is true about the total body water percentage in elderly patients?
Which of the following statements is true about the total body water percentage in elderly patients?
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Which process is responsible for the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, without the need for energy input?
Which process is responsible for the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, without the need for energy input?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of fluid and nutrients in the body?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of fluid and nutrients in the body?
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Which of the following statements is true about the permeability of the membrane separating the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments?
Which of the following statements is true about the permeability of the membrane separating the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased capillary membrane permeability?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased capillary membrane permeability?
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What is the primary cause of edema in end-stage renal disease?
What is the primary cause of edema in end-stage renal disease?
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Which of the following is NOT a common cause of decreased plasma osmotic pressure?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of decreased plasma osmotic pressure?
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What is the minimum pressure needed to prevent inward flow across a semipermeable membrane called?
What is the minimum pressure needed to prevent inward flow across a semipermeable membrane called?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of localized edema that can be deadly?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of localized edema that can be deadly?
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What is the term used for the collection of water in the interstitial space?
What is the term used for the collection of water in the interstitial space?
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Which of the following is NOT a common cause of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure?
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What term is used to describe the increase in edema in a compartment, leading to decreased blood flow distal to the injury?
What term is used to describe the increase in edema in a compartment, leading to decreased blood flow distal to the injury?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the '5 P's' that are signs/symptoms of compartment syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the '5 P's' that are signs/symptoms of compartment syndrome?
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What term is used to describe edema that is measurable?
What term is used to describe edema that is measurable?
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What is the primary reason for calling 0.9% sodium chloride 'Normal Saline'?
What is the primary reason for calling 0.9% sodium chloride 'Normal Saline'?
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Which of the following is NOT a common hypotonic IV fluid?
Which of the following is NOT a common hypotonic IV fluid?
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What is the primary treatment goal of using hypertonic IV fluids?
What is the primary treatment goal of using hypertonic IV fluids?
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Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of fluid movement across cell membranes discussed in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of fluid movement across cell membranes discussed in the text?
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What is the primary function of measuring expired carbon dioxide (eTCO2)?
What is the primary function of measuring expired carbon dioxide (eTCO2)?
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What is the primary difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
What is the primary difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
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What is the primary difference between hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure in the capillary bed?
What is the primary difference between hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure in the capillary bed?
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Which of the following is NOT a source of fluid replacement mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a source of fluid replacement mentioned in the text?
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What is the approximate daily insensible fluid loss from the body?
What is the approximate daily insensible fluid loss from the body?
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Which of the following statements about solute concentrations is TRUE according to the text?
Which of the following statements about solute concentrations is TRUE according to the text?
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What is the primary driving force behind the movement of fluids within the cardiovascular system?
What is the primary driving force behind the movement of fluids within the cardiovascular system?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between arterial and venous hydrostatic pressures?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between arterial and venous hydrostatic pressures?
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What is the primary determinant of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
What is the primary determinant of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with low blood pressure, low cardiac output, low mean arterial pressure, and low systemic vascular resistance?
Which of the following conditions is associated with low blood pressure, low cardiac output, low mean arterial pressure, and low systemic vascular resistance?
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What is the primary mechanism by which systemic vascular resistance is increased?
What is the primary mechanism by which systemic vascular resistance is increased?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with high blood pressure, high cardiac output, high mean arterial pressure, and high systemic vascular resistance?
Which of the following conditions is associated with high blood pressure, high cardiac output, high mean arterial pressure, and high systemic vascular resistance?
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What is the primary factor that determines the weight or hydrostatic pressure exerted by a fluid?
What is the primary factor that determines the weight or hydrostatic pressure exerted by a fluid?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
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What is the primary cause of low blood pressure associated with distributive shock?
What is the primary cause of low blood pressure associated with distributive shock?
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Which of the following injuries or diseases is NOT mentioned in the text as potentially affecting blood pressure or hydrostatic pressures?
Which of the following injuries or diseases is NOT mentioned in the text as potentially affecting blood pressure or hydrostatic pressures?
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Study Notes
Fluid Compartments
- Intracellular fluid (ICF) is the fluid located inside the cell
- Extracellular fluid (ECF) is the fluid found in arteries and veins, carrying plasma, blood products, and nutrients
- Interstitial fluid is the fluid found in the interstitial spaces, often seen as edema
Osmosis and Diffusion
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, without the need for energy input
Fluid Movement and Pressure
- Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by fluid against the walls of a blood vessel
- Oncotic pressure is the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in blood plasma
- The primary driving force behind the movement of fluids within the cardiovascular system is the hydrostatic pressure gradient
- The primary determinant of mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the systemic vascular resistance
Edema and Compartment Syndrome
- Edema is the collection of water in the interstitial space
- Compartment syndrome is the increase in edema in a compartment, leading to decreased blood flow distal to the injury
- Localized edema can be deadly if not addressed promptly
IV Fluids and Treatment
- Normal Saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is called "normal" because it has an osmolarity close to that of blood plasma
- Hypertonic IV fluids are used to treat hypotension and to reduce cerebral edema
- The primary treatment goal of using hypertonic IV fluids is to increase blood pressure and improve cardiac output
Miscellaneous
- The 5 P's of compartment syndrome are pain, paralysis, paresthesia, pallor, and pulselessness
- Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average pressure in the arterial system
- Systemic vascular resistance is increased through vasoconstriction
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Description
Test your knowledge on the functioning system responsible for distributing nutrients within the body. This quiz covers topics such as intracellular and extracellular fluids, intravascular fluid, interstitial fluid, and osmolarity.
