40 Questions
Which fluid compartment is located inside the cell?
Intracellular fluid
What is the term used to describe the fluid found in arteries and veins, carrying plasma, blood products, and nutrients?
Intravascular fluid
Which term is commonly used to refer to the fluid found in the interstitial spaces, often seen as edema?
Third-space fluid
Which of the following processes is responsible for the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration?
Osmosis
Which of the following statements is true about the concentration or osmolarity of intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) in a healthy individual?
ICF and ECF should have the same concentration or osmolarity
What is the term used to describe the delicate membrane that separates the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments and allows fluid to move in and out?
Permeable membrane
Which of the following statements is true about the total body water percentage in elderly patients?
It drops to around 45-40% estimated
Which process is responsible for the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, without the need for energy input?
Diffusion
Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of fluid and nutrients in the body?
The body moves fluid and nutrients in three ways: osmosis, diffusion, and a third process not mentioned in the text
Which of the following statements is true about the permeability of the membrane separating the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments?
The membrane is selectively permeable
Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased capillary membrane permeability?
Dehydration
What is the primary cause of edema in end-stage renal disease?
Retention of salt and water
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of decreased plasma osmotic pressure?
Sepsis
What is the minimum pressure needed to prevent inward flow across a semipermeable membrane called?
Tonicity
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of localized edema that can be deadly?
Pitting edema
What is the term used for the collection of water in the interstitial space?
Edema
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure?
Liver disease
What term is used to describe the increase in edema in a compartment, leading to decreased blood flow distal to the injury?
Compartment syndrome
Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the '5 P's' that are signs/symptoms of compartment syndrome?
Pericardial effusion
What term is used to describe edema that is measurable?
Pitting edema
What is the primary reason for calling 0.9% sodium chloride 'Normal Saline'?
Its osmolality is similar to that of circulating blood.
Which of the following is NOT a common hypotonic IV fluid?
3% sodium chloride
What is the primary treatment goal of using hypertonic IV fluids?
Pull excess fluid off to treat edema and prevent herniation in cases like traumatic brain injury.
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of fluid movement across cell membranes discussed in the text?
Ultrafiltration
What is the primary function of measuring expired carbon dioxide (eTCO2)?
To monitor metabolic status, circulation, ventilation, and perfusion emergencies.
What is the primary difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
Active transport requires energy, while facilitated diffusion does not.
What is the primary difference between hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure in the capillary bed?
Hydrostatic pressure is higher on the arterial side, while oncotic pressure is higher on the venous side.
Which of the following is NOT a source of fluid replacement mentioned in the text?
Subcutaneous fluid administration
What is the approximate daily insensible fluid loss from the body?
1,600 mL
Which of the following statements about solute concentrations is TRUE according to the text?
The normal range for sodium in the extracellular fluid (ECF) is 135 to 145 mEq/dL.
What is the primary driving force behind the movement of fluids within the cardiovascular system?
Intravascular pressures
Which of the following best describes the relationship between arterial and venous hydrostatic pressures?
Arterial pressures are higher than venous pressures
What is the primary determinant of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and right ventricular filling
Which of the following conditions is associated with low blood pressure, low cardiac output, low mean arterial pressure, and low systemic vascular resistance?
Overdose of blood pressure medications
What is the primary mechanism by which systemic vascular resistance is increased?
Constriction of blood vessels
Which of the following conditions is associated with high blood pressure, high cardiac output, high mean arterial pressure, and high systemic vascular resistance?
Compensated shock
What is the primary factor that determines the weight or hydrostatic pressure exerted by a fluid?
The pressure exerted by the pump and the diameter of the pipe
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Blood viscosity
What is the primary cause of low blood pressure associated with distributive shock?
Loss of vagal tone
Which of the following injuries or diseases is NOT mentioned in the text as potentially affecting blood pressure or hydrostatic pressures?
Myocardial infarction
Study Notes
Fluid Compartments
- Intracellular fluid (ICF) is the fluid located inside the cell
- Extracellular fluid (ECF) is the fluid found in arteries and veins, carrying plasma, blood products, and nutrients
- Interstitial fluid is the fluid found in the interstitial spaces, often seen as edema
Osmosis and Diffusion
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
- Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, without the need for energy input
Fluid Movement and Pressure
- Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by fluid against the walls of a blood vessel
- Oncotic pressure is the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in blood plasma
- The primary driving force behind the movement of fluids within the cardiovascular system is the hydrostatic pressure gradient
- The primary determinant of mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the systemic vascular resistance
Edema and Compartment Syndrome
- Edema is the collection of water in the interstitial space
- Compartment syndrome is the increase in edema in a compartment, leading to decreased blood flow distal to the injury
- Localized edema can be deadly if not addressed promptly
IV Fluids and Treatment
- Normal Saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is called "normal" because it has an osmolarity close to that of blood plasma
- Hypertonic IV fluids are used to treat hypotension and to reduce cerebral edema
- The primary treatment goal of using hypertonic IV fluids is to increase blood pressure and improve cardiac output
Miscellaneous
- The 5 P's of compartment syndrome are pain, paralysis, paresthesia, pallor, and pulselessness
- Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average pressure in the arterial system
- Systemic vascular resistance is increased through vasoconstriction
Test your knowledge on the functioning system responsible for distributing nutrients within the body. This quiz covers topics such as intracellular and extracellular fluids, intravascular fluid, interstitial fluid, and osmolarity.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
