Questions and Answers
What is the indication for the use of narcotic antagonists?
Narcotic overdose, respiratory depression, coma of unknown origin
What is a contraindication for narcotic antagonists?
Hypersensitivity
What are the side effects of narcotic antagonists? (Select all that apply)
What is the adult dose for administering narcotic antagonists?
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What is the pediatric dose for administering narcotic antagonists?
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Chronic opiate users may experience seizures from withdrawal if given narcotic antagonists.
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What is the trade name for Nitroglycerin?
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What classification does Nitroglycerin fall under?
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What are the actions/effects of Nitroglycerin? (Select all that apply)
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Nitroglycerin can be used for hypertension emergencies.
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What is a contraindication for Nitroglycerin administration?
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What is the trade name for Activated Charcoal?
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What is the classification of Adenosine?
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What is a common side effect of Albuterol?
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What is the indication for Amiodarone?
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What is the adult dose for Amyl Nitrate?
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Which of the following is NOT a side effect of Aspirin?
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What is the action of Atropine Sulfate?
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What is contraindicated for the use of Diazepam?
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What is the pediatric dose for Diphenhydramine?
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Dopamine acts on _______ receptors.
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What is the action of Epinephrine 1-1,000?
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What is the adult dose for Haloperidol?
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What is the indication for Ibuprofen?
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What is the classification of Lorazepam?
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What is a side effect of Meperidine HCL?
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Dextrose 5% is classified as a _______ solution.
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Study Notes
Activated Charcoal
- Trade Names: Actidose, Super Char, Charcodate, Liqui-Char, Aqua-Char
- Classification: Antidote, Adsorbent
- Action: Adsorbs poisons, limiting absorption in oral poisonings and non-caustic overdoses
- Contraindications: Avoid in caustic acids, alkalis, iron tablets, lithium, and ETOH overdose
- Side Effects: Potential constipation and vomiting
- Dosage: 1 gm/kg PO or via NG/OG tube
Adenosine
- Trade Name: Adenocard
- Classification: Antiarrhythmic
- Action: Slows supraventricular tachycardia by interrupting AV node pathways
- Indication: PSVT rhythm after vagal maneuvers
- Contraindications: 2nd & 3rd degree AV heart block, Sick Sinus Syndrome, A-Fib
- Side Effects: Possible syncope, chest pain, flushing, and dizziness
- Dosage: Adult - 6mg IV push; repeat 12mg if needed; Pediatric - 0.1mg/kg
Albuterol
- Trade Names: Proventil, Ventolin
- Classification: Bronchodilator, Sympathomimetic
- Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle via beta2-adrenergic agonism
- Indications: Asthma and reversible obstructive airway disease
- Contraindications: Relative to symptoms; includes dysrhythmias, angina, HTN
- Side Effects: Tremors, anxiety, palpitations
- Dosage: Adult - 2.5mg/3ml; Pediatric - 2.5mg > 1 year old
Amiodarone
- Trade Name: Cordarone
- Classification: Antiarrhythmic
- Action: Prolongs cardiac action potential and increases refractory period
- Indication: V-Fib/V-Tach pulseless
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
- Side Effects: Potential lung and liver problems
- Dosage: Adult - 150-300 mg IV; Pediatric - 5mg/kg IV/IO
Amyl Nitrate
- Trade Name: Vaporole
- Classification: Vasodilator, Cyanide antidote
- Action: Converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin, causing vasodilation
- Indication: Cyanide poisoning
- Side Effects: Hypotension, headaches, nausea
- Dosage: 0.3ml or an amyl nitrate glass pearl
Aspirin
- Trade Names: ASA, Baby Aspirin, Bayer
- Classification: Anti-platelet, NSAID
- Action: Decreases platelet aggregation, prolongs clotting time
- Indications: MI, coronary artery disease, pericarditis
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, ongoing anticoagulant therapy
- Side Effects: Heartburn, tinnitus, nausea
- Dosage: 160-325mg chewable
Atropine Sulfate
- Trade Name: Atropine
- Classification: Anticholinergic agent
- Action: Increases heart rate and contractility
- Indications: Symptomatic bradycardia and organophosphate poisoning
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, tachycardia, AV heart block
- Side Effects: Dizziness, dry mouth, nausea
- Dosage: Adult - 0.5mg IV; Pediatric - 0.02mg/kg
Diazepam
- Trade Name: Valium
- Classification: Benzodiazepine, Anticonvulsant
- Action: Relaxes CNS, provides antianxiety and anticonvulsant effects
- Indications: Status epilepticus, severe anxiety
- Contraindications: CNS depression, hypersensitivity
- Side Effects: Respiratory depression, confusion
- Dosage: Adult - 5-20mg IV; Pediatric - 0.1mg/kg
Diphenhydramine
- Trade Name: Benadryl
- Classification: Antihistamine
- Action: Blocks H1 histamine receptors
- Indications: Anaphylaxis, allergic reactions
- Contraindications: Asthma, hypersensitivity
- Side Effects: Drowsiness, hypotension, thickened bronchial secretions
- Dosage: Adult - 25-50mg IM/IV; Pediatric - 1-2mg/kg
Dopamine
- Trade Name: Intropin
- Classification: Sympathomimetic, Inotrope
- Action: Stimulates dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors
- Indication: Cardiogenic shock and hypotension
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, V-Fib
- Side Effects: Hypertension, nausea
- Dosage: Adult/Pediatric - 800mg in 500cc D5W or NS
Dextrose 5%
- Classification: Hypotonic solution
- Indications: Mixing medications like lidocaine and dopamine
- Cautions: Use cautiously as main IV fluid
Epinephrine 1-1,000
- Trade Name: Adrenalin 1-1,000
- Classification: Bronchodilator, cardiac stimulant
- Action: Relieves bronchial edema, increases HR
- Indications: Anaphylaxis, asthmatic reactions
- Side Effects: Tremors, palpitations
- Dosage: Adult - 0.3-0.5mg SQ; Pediatric - 0.01mg/kg
Epinephrine 1-10,000
- Trade Name: Adrenalin 1-10,000
- Classification: Cardiac stimulant
- Action: Increases cardiac activity and blood pressure
- Indications: Cardiac arrest scenarios
- Side Effects: Hypertension
- Dosage: Adult - 0.5-1mg IV; Pediatric - 0.01mg/kg
Fentanyl
- Trade Name: Sublimaze
- Classification: Opioid analgesic
- Action: Bind to receptors for pain relief
- Indications: Pain control and RSI
- Contraindications: Hypotension and respiratory depression
- Side Effects: Respiratory depression, bradycardia
- Dosage: Adult - 25-50mcg IV; Pediatric - 0.5-1mcg/kg
Furosemide
- Trade Name: Lasix
- Classification: Loop diuretic
- Action: Inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption in kidneys
- Indications: Pulmonary edema, CHF
- Contraindications: Pregnancy, hypovolemia
- Side Effects: Dehydration, hypotension
- Dosage: Adult - 20-80mg IV; Pediatric - 1mg/kg
Glucagon
- Trade Name: GlucaGen
- Classification: Pancreatic hormone
- Action: Raises glucose level through liver glycogen
- Indication: Hypoglycemia
- Side Effects: Hypotension, nausea
- Dosage: Adult - 1mg IM/IV; Pediatric - 0.02-0.03mg/kg
Glucose or Dextrose
- Trade Name: D 50, 50% Dextrose
- Classification: Carbohydrate
- Indication: Hypoglycemia
- Contraindications: Intracranial hemorrhage
- Dosage: Adult - 25-50g IV; Pediatric - 0.5-1gm/kg
Haloperidol
- Trade Name: Haldol
- Classification: Antipsychotic
- Action: Blocks dopamine receptors in the brain
- Indications: Acute psychotic episodes
- Contraindications: CNS depression and severe toxic states
- Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision
- Dosage: Adult - 5-10mg IM/IV
Hydroxocobalamin
- Trade Name: Cyanokit
- Classification: Cyanide antidote
- Action: Combines with cyanide for excretion
- Indication: Cyanide exposure
- Side Effects: Red skin discoloration, transient hypertension
- Dosage: Adult - 5g infused over 15 minutes; Pediatric contact medical control
Ibuprofen
- Trade Names: Advil, Motrin
- Classification: Non-narcotic analgesic
- Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis for pain relief and reduction of inflammation
- Indications: Fever and pain
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
- Dosage: Adult - 200-800mg; Pediatric - 10mg/kg
Lactated Ringers
- Trade Name: LR
- Classification: Isotonic fluid
- Action: Aids fluid replacement for dehydration
- Indications: IV maintenance and electrolyte replacement
- Dosage: Adult - 200-500cc; Pediatric - 20cc/kg
Lidocaine HCL
- Trade Names: Xylocaine, Xylocard
- Classification: Antiarrhythmic agent
- Action: Decreases cardiac depolarization and automaticity
- Indications: V-Fib, V-Tach
- Contraindications: Bradycardia, AV heart blocks
- Dosage: For both Adult & Pediatric - 0.75-1.5mg/kg IV every 3-5min
Lorazepam
- Trade Name: Ativan
- Classification: Benzodiazepine
- Action: Provides sedation and seizure control
- Indications: Seizures, chemical restraint
- Contraindications: CNS depression
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Description
This quiz focuses on the drug Activated Charcoal, an antidote used in cases of oral poisonings. Explore its trade names, classification, action, indications, and contraindications to reinforce your understanding. Perfect for paramedic students looking to enhance their knowledge of critical drug protocols.