Parallel Circuit Basics

Study Notes

Bulbs in a parallel circuit connect separately to the same battery terminal, ensuring each receives full voltage.
All bulbs glow brightly as they draw the same voltage, but collectively they consume more current than a single bulb.
If one bulb is removed from the parallel circuit, other bulbs remain lit due to the complete circuit provided through them.
Current is variable across branches in a parallel circuit, leading to $I_1 ≠ I_2 ≠ I_3$.
Individual switches can be installed for each bulb or component in a parallel circuit.
Household electricity supplies are typically organized in parallel circuits, as are most electrical appliances.

In a series circuit, only one switch is necessary because turning it off breaks the entire circuit, stopping the flow of current.
If one bulb fuses in a parallel circuit, the remaining bulbs continue to function normally due to independent pathways.
In a series circuit, if one bulb fuses, all bulbs go out as the circuit is broken.

A series circuit is characterized by components connected in a single path.
A parallel circuit allows multiple pathways for current, beneficial for various household devices.
Fairy lights are an example of a series circuit, where bulbs are connected in succession.

Number of Batteries: More batteries result in a higher voltage, increasing current flow and brightness of bulbs.
Number of Bulbs: Adding bulbs in series decreases overall current, thus reducing individual brightness.

Conductors like silver, copper, and aluminum allow electricity to flow easily, enhancing bulb brightness.
Less effective conductors, such as brass, iron, and tin, lead to dimmer bulbs.

Length: Longer wires reduce current flow, causing bulbs to glow dimmer; shorter wires improve brightness.
Thickness: Thicker wires allow more electricity to reach the bulb, resulting in brighter illumination compared to thinner wires that restrict current flow.