Paradigmas en Salud y Complejidad

Study Notes

Paradigma Empírico (Bacon y Locke): Experience is the sole valid source of knowledge; if experience doesn't confirm something, it's not considered scientific.
Paradigma Racionalista (René Descartes): Valid knowledge comes only from reason.
Paradigma Reduccionista (Kuhn 1971): Assumes the world is immutable, predictable, and linearly explainable; simplifies health problems to seek simple causes.
Paradigma de la Complejidad (Edgar Morin): A fragmented set of theories and principles that understands the world as interconnected, interactive, and emerging. It considers context.
Sistemas: Systems are totalities whose properties cannot be reduced to their individual parts.

Paradigma individual restrictivo (clínico): Simplifies health problems to focus on biological causes and individual solutions. It avoids considering the social context.
Paradigma social expansivo (sanitarista): Explores complex causal factors influencing health problems, drawing on knowledge from diverse disciplines. It emphasizes context.

Comprehensive approach: Analyzes biological, chemical, physical, and social factors that affect health, illness, treatments, and care.

Disciplinariedad: A field of knowledge or area of studies that maintains its own methodological approach.
Multidisciplinariedad: A combination of disciplines, but without integration
Pluridisciplinariedad: Disciplines contribute independently to a shared goal.
Interdisciplinariedad: Disciplines interact, enhancing knowledge and creating innovative solutions.
Transdisciplinariedad: A deeper integration of theories and practices that transcends disciplinary boundaries.

Atención: Focused services aimed at maintaining, improving, or restoring health on individual, family, community, or population levels.
Cuidado: Preventive actions and support to ensure well-being at individual and community levels.

Gender Identity Law (26743): Individuals recognised for their gender identity. Relevant for health care.

Main causes of death: HIV/AIDS-related conditions, homicides, and accidents
Average lifespan: 35 to 40 years
Health disparities: Lack of resources and opportunities for trans individuals, especially within indigenous populations.
Health issues: High rates of STIs due to sex work, difficulty accessing appropriate healthcare, lack of awareness.

Definition: Unequal distribution of advantages in society, influenced by power dynamics/cultural contexts.

Emergent properties: Properties of a system that cannot be deduced from the properties of its parts.
Intraspecific relationships: Relationships between organisms of the same species (e.g., cooperation, competition).
Interspecific relationships: Relationships between organisms of different species (e.g., predation, mutualism).

Health Determinants: Environmental factors that influence health – biological, chemical, and physical components.
Risk: Likelihood of harm due to exposure to a specific environmental factor.
Environment categories: Air, water, land.
Social and economic factors: Include considerations of equity, vulnerability, and resources.

Environmental Agent: Triggers an exposure to which the organism does not have full resistance.
Environmental Vector: Mode of the agent's transmission.
Environmental Pathway: Route by which the agent reaches and affects its host.
Environmental Hazard: Type of exposure that can have an impact on the human.
Exogenous factors: External factors (environment, pollutants, climate changes).
Endogenous factors: Factors within the organism (genetics, metabolism, immunity).