Paradigmas en Salud y Complejidad

Complejidad e Interdisciplina

• Paradigma Empírico (Bacon y Locke): Experience is the sole valid source of knowledge; if experience doesn't confirm something, it's not considered scientific.
• Paradigma Racionalista (René Descartes): Valid knowledge comes only from reason.
• Paradigma Reduccionista (Kuhn 1971): Assumes the world is immutable, predictable, and linearly explainable; simplifies health problems to seek simple causes.
• Paradigma de la Complejidad (Edgar Morin): A fragmented set of theories and principles that understands the world as interconnected, interactive, and emerging. It considers context.
• Sistemas: Systems are totalities whose properties cannot be reduced to their individual parts.

Paradigmas y Prácticas en Salud

• Paradigma individual restrictivo (clínico): Simplifies health problems to focus on biological causes and individual solutions. It avoids considering the social context.
• Paradigma social expansivo (sanitarista): Explores complex causal factors influencing health problems, drawing on knowledge from diverse disciplines. It emphasizes context.

Proceso Salud-Enfermedad Atención-Cuidado (PSEAC)

• Comprehensive approach: Analyzes biological, chemical, physical, and social factors that affect health, illness, treatments, and care.

Disciplinariedad, multidisciplinariedad, pluridisciplinariedad e interdisciplinariedad

• Disciplinariedad: A field of knowledge or area of studies that maintains its own methodological approach.
• Multidisciplinariedad: A combination of disciplines, but without integration
• Pluridisciplinariedad: Disciplines contribute independently to a shared goal.
• Interdisciplinariedad: Disciplines interact, enhancing knowledge and creating innovative solutions.
• Transdisciplinariedad: A deeper integration of theories and practices that transcends disciplinary boundaries.

Atención y Cuidado

• Atención: Focused services aimed at maintaining, improving, or restoring health on individual, family, community, or population levels.
• Cuidado: Preventive actions and support to ensure well-being at individual and community levels.

Personas trans y Salud

• Gender Identity Law (26743): Individuals recognised for their gender identity. Relevant for health care.

Salud trans

• Main causes of death: HIV/AIDS-related conditions, homicides, and accidents
• Average lifespan: 35 to 40 years
• Health disparities: Lack of resources and opportunities for trans individuals, especially within indigenous populations.
• Health issues: High rates of STIs due to sex work, difficulty accessing appropriate healthcare, lack of awareness.

Desigualdad

• Definition: Unequal distribution of advantages in society, influenced by power dynamics/cultural contexts.

Niveles de Organización

• Emergent properties: Properties of a system that cannot be deduced from the properties of its parts.
• Intraspecific relationships: Relationships between organisms of the same species (e.g., cooperation, competition).
• Interspecific relationships: Relationships between organisms of different species (e.g., predation, mutualism).

Ambiente y Salud

• Health Determinants: Environmental factors that influence health – biological, chemical, and physical components.
• Risk: Likelihood of harm due to exposure to a specific environmental factor.
• Environment categories: Air, water, land.
• Social and economic factors: Include considerations of equity, vulnerability, and resources.

Dimensiones del Ambiente con Cambio Climático

• Environmental Agent: Triggers an exposure to which the organism does not have full resistance.
• Environmental Vector: Mode of the agent's transmission.
• Environmental Pathway: Route by which the agent reaches and affects its host.
• Environmental Hazard: Type of exposure that can have an impact on the human.
• Exogenous factors: External factors (environment, pollutants, climate changes).
• Endogenous factors: Factors within the organism (genetics, metabolism, immunity).