PANS-OPS Obstacle Clearance Analysis

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Collision Risk Model (CRM)?

To manage air traffic scheduling.

To compute landing gear specifications.

To provide a realistic assessment of obstacle effects on safety. (correct)

To outline airport operator training programs.

Which factors are crucial for determining obstacle clearance zones in precision approach operations?

Aircraft types and fuel capacity.

Wind direction and runway length.

Pilot experience levels and weather conditions.

Inner transitional and balked landing surfaces. (correct)

What is the relationship between PANS-OPS surfaces and obstacle limitation surfaces?

Obstacle limitation surfaces are a guideline for PANS-OPS surfaces.

Only obstacles penetrating PANS-OPS surfaces are significant. (correct)

PANS-OPS surfaces automatically include all obstacle limitations.

They are completely separate and unrelated concepts.

Who offers the Collision Risk Model for purchase?

ICAO. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT facilitated by the use of computers in the Collision Risk Model?

Manual tracking of flight paths. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Obstacle Clearance Pane' (OCP) refer to?

The area beneath which no obstacles are permitted. Signup and view all the answers

What mathematical aspect is involved in constructing the approach funnel in the CRM?

Complex algorithms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of obstacles penetrating PANS-OPS surfaces?

They require a detailed evaluation of associated risks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the surfaces developed by the Obstacle Clearance Panel in PANS-OPS?

To assess the impact of objects on obstacle clearance height Signup and view all the answers

Which option accurately describes the goal of the obstacle assessment surfaces mentioned in the content?

They ensure that safety levels do not exceed a probability of collision of 1:10,000. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback of the manual method for obstacle assessment as described in the provided content?

It involves tedious and time-consuming numerical calculations. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does PANS-OPS provide in relation to obstacle assessment for most aeroplanes?

Assessment for operations at and below obstacle clearance height. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a specific function of the Annex I4 surfaces associated with PANS-OPS?

Establishing minimum altitude for heavy aircraft operations. Signup and view all the answers

What do the Annex I4 surfaces primarily aim to protect?

A landing from obstacle clearance height Signup and view all the answers

Which surfaces are controlling during a missed approach?

PANS-OPS surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises from the Annex 14 surfaces being potentially overprotective?

They may prevent aircraft operating to low minima unnecessarily. Signup and view all the answers

How do the PANS-OPS and Annex 14 surfaces differ regarding missed approaches?

They have distinct criteria for obstacle assessment. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of relying solely on operational judgment regarding obstacle density?

Degradation of safety Signup and view all the answers

What effect can the use of OAS surfaces create in an airport environment?

They create solid walls that restrict variation. Signup and view all the answers

Which surface is specifically involved during a balked landing?

Inner transitional surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of establishing obstacle limitation surfaces?

To ensure clear flight paths for aircraft Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Obstacle Clearance Panel and PANS-OPS

Surfaces developed by the Obstacle Clearance Panel assess object impact on obstacle clearance height.
Clearance height determines approach minima and ensures safety levels (collision probability not exceeding 1:10^-6).

Annex 14 Surfaces

Designed to define limits around airports for acceptable object height.
Allows obstacle assessment for operations down to clearance height, particularly for missed approaches with one engine inoperative.

Collision Risk Model (CRM)

A sophisticated method correlating obstacle heights and locations to total risk, implemented via the Collision Risk Model (CRM).
Provides more realistic evaluations of obstacles' effects, both individually and collectively.
Manual calculations are tedious and time-consuming; CRM simplifies this through automation.

Approach Funnel Construction

Construction involves complex mathematics, unsuitable for manual execution.
Effective application is streamlined through computer calculations available for purchase via ICAO.

Obstacle Assessment Surfaces (OAS)

Mandatory surface criteria are simple forms to facilitate manual application but may lead to overprotection in certain areas near runways.
Some critical obstacle locations are unnecessarily restricted under current OAS criteria.

Inner Transitional and Balked Landing Surfaces

Created for precision approach category II operations.
Must protect landing from clearance height or initiated balked landing with all engines operational.

Key Differences Between PANS-OPS and Annex 14 Surfaces

Missed approaches are executed at or above obstacle clearance height.
PANS-OPS surfaces are more conservative in protecting against obstacles compared to Annex 14, potentially limiting low minima operations.

Risks and Operational Judgement

Overly conservative surfaces might prevent operations in low minima conditions.
Operational judgment is essential to determine the point of excessive obstacle density, ensuring safety and operational flexibility.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the principles outlined by the Obstacle Clearance Panel in PANS-OPS. It examines the data validation program and mathematical analysis used to determine obstacle clearance heights and their impact on approach minima. Test your knowledge about the criteria related to Instrument Landing System (ILS) operations.