Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two planes that should be parallel to the floor during panoramic imaging?
What are the two planes that should be parallel to the floor during panoramic imaging?
What anatomical structure helps to determine how close the image is to the focal trough?
What anatomical structure helps to determine how close the image is to the focal trough?
Canine Lines
What is the term used to describe when the chin is tilted upwards or downwards in panoramic x-ray?
What is the term used to describe when the chin is tilted upwards or downwards in panoramic x-ray?
Head tilting is when the head or patient is rotated off-center during the panoramic image exposure.
Head tilting is when the head or patient is rotated off-center during the panoramic image exposure.
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What error causes the patient's teeth to appear narrower or smaller on one side of the image?
What error causes the patient's teeth to appear narrower or smaller on one side of the image?
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Which error causes the patients teeth to be wider on one side?
Which error causes the patients teeth to be wider on one side?
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Which of these errors causes the upper teeth to be cut off in the image?
Which of these errors causes the upper teeth to be cut off in the image?
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When the chin is tilted downwards, the patient's mandibles appear in a V-shaped form and the lower teeth are magnified.
When the chin is tilted downwards, the patient's mandibles appear in a V-shaped form and the lower teeth are magnified.
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A ghost image error occurs when a metal object is left on the patient before the panoramic image.
A ghost image error occurs when a metal object is left on the patient before the panoramic image.
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Sometimes during panoramic imaging, the cervical spine appears superimposed over the upper teeth. What error causes this?
Sometimes during panoramic imaging, the cervical spine appears superimposed over the upper teeth. What error causes this?
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Lead apron artifacts are shaped like a cone and do not usually reach the upper teeth.
Lead apron artifacts are shaped like a cone and do not usually reach the upper teeth.
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Study Notes
Panoramic Errors & Landmarks
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Positioning: Head seated on chin rest, laser light aligning with midsagittal plane and Frankfurt plane for floor reference. Canine lines determining arch curvature, but it doesn't show focal trough errors.
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Technique Errors:
- Chin tilt (up or down): Frankfurt plane not parallel to the floor.
- Head twisting (rotation): One side magnified, blurred, and horizontal dimensions inaccurate.
- Head tilt: One side higher than the opposite (may affect position of condyles, causing cut-offs). Arch and teeth not aligned in the focal trough.
Other Errors & Causes
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Head Position (Anterior/Posterior): Too far anterior/posterior can cause teeth seeming smaller or wider, blurry, out of focal trough, and close to the cassette.
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Chin Tilt (Downward): V-shaped mandible, exaggerated smile lines, lower anterior teeth blurred and magnified (out of focal trough), and upper teeth cut off on the image.
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Chin Tilt (Upward): Head tilted backward, square-shaped mandible, reverse smile, blurred upper and posterior teeth, condyles cut off.
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Improper Chin Support: Pt doesn't place chin on chin rest affecting infraorbital rim, nasal cavity, and maxillary sinus.
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Pt Wearing Earrings: Foreign body artifact obscuring anatomical structures.
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Improper Tongue Position: Tongue superimposed on upper teeth apices.
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Image Movement: Image not still during imaging causes blurry image, step cut at jaw bone, inferior border superimposes structures.
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Ghost Image: Metal objects not removed cause radio-opaque artifacts to appear as real objects, with blurred magnified images at higher levels on the opposite.
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Lead Apron Artifacts: Improper placement of the lead apron causing cone-shaped artifacts.
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Improper Posture: Crooked back causes white radio-opacity on the midline, and teeth/bones appearing superimposed.
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Description
Test your knowledge of panoramic radiography, focusing on common errors and landmarks involved in positioning. This quiz covers techniques for accurate imaging and the consequences of improper head positioning. Enhance your understanding of how chin tilt and head rotation can affect image quality.
