Questions and Answers
What is one of the reasons why politicians are seen as incompetent in Pakistan?
Their inability to provide economic and physical security to citizens
What percentage of Pakistan's population lives in extreme poverty?
22%
What is a major factor affecting Pakistan's economic growth?
All of the above
What is a characteristic of Pakistan's electoral cycles?
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Why is the military seen as strong in Pakistan?
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What is necessary for a balance between the military and state in Pakistan?
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What affects the global competitiveness of Pakistan's economy?
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What is a consequence of the unstable constitutional history in Pakistan?
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What is the significance of the 2004 National Security Council in Pakistan?
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What is the unique feature of Pakistan's military compared to other countries?
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What is the result of the military's increasing influence in Pakistan's politics?
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What is the legacy of British colonial rule in Pakistan?
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What is the role of the President and Prime Minister in the National Security Council of Pakistan?
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What is the primary factor behind the militarization of Pakistan?
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What is considered a greater threat to Pakistan than India, according to some security analysts?
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What is one of the main reasons for the overdependence of civilian elites on the military in Pakistan?
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Which of the following terrorist groups is NOT mentioned in the text as operating in Pakistan?
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What is the consequence of the overdependence of civilian elites on the military in Pakistan?
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What is the estimated number of deaths from terrorism in Pakistan from 2009-2016?
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What is one of the reasons why terrorist groups operate in Pakistan?
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Which of the following is a consequence of the operation of terrorist groups in Pakistan?
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What is the legacy of the Cold War that affects Pakistan?
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Study Notes
Military Institutionalization in Pakistan
- Pakistan Army has entrenched itself into the state, playing multiple roles beyond defense, including control of the economy, intelligence, and defense services.
- The military has suspended and rewritten constitutions to favor itself, giving the President, not the Prime Minister, control of the executive.
- The National Security Council (NSC) was established in 2004, formalizing the Pakistani military's input into policymaking.
Legacy of British Rule
- Pakistan inherited the British tradition of civilian supremacy over the military.
- However, the military's influence in politics grew rapidly after independence.
Militarization of Pakistan
- Multiple factors led to the military's intervention in politics, resulting in a praetorian state with severe political, social, and economic consequences.
Civil-Military Relations
- When civilian elites fail to address ethnic problems, they rely on the military, leading to overdependence on the military.
- This overdependence has contributed to the growing power of the military in Pakistan.
Domestic Terrorism in Pakistan
- Domestic terrorism is a significant threat to Pakistan, with over 35,000 deaths from 2009-2016.
- Multiple terrorist groups operate in Pakistan, including Anti-Shia, Anti-India, and Al-Qaeda groups.
- These groups contribute to law and order issues and terrorism in Pakistan.
Weak State and Military Supremacy
- Pakistan is a weak state, unable to provide economic or physical security for its citizens.
- The state's weakness is characterized by poverty, low literacy rates, and low human development indexes.
- The military's strength is attributed to the incompetency of politicians and the weak state.
Corruption and Systemic Issues
- Corruption affects all institutions, including the presidency and prime ministership.
- Unstable constitutional history and inconsistent electoral cycles have weakened civilian establishments against the military.
- A collaboration between the military and state is necessary for balance and stability.
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