Pakistan Studies Grade 9: Ideological Basis of Pakistan

Model Textbook of Pakistan Studies - Grade 9

General Information

• This textbook adheres to the National Curriculum of Pakistan 2022-23
• Published by the National Book Foundation as Federal Textbook Board, Islamabad
• First Edition: March 2024, with 67,000 copies printed
• Price: PKR 290/-
• ISBN: 978-969-37-1591-0

Section 1: History of Pakistan

Unit 01: Ideological Basis of Pakistan

• Ideology refers to the science of ideas that underpins a system, reflecting a group or nation's views, values, and goals
• Pakistan's ideology intended to secure a separate state for Muslims, to preserve Islamic principles according to the Quran and Sunnah
• The situation of the Muslims after the War of Independence had them facing economic disparities that included inequities in land ownership and exclusion from education exacerbated economic inequalities
• Muslims were socially and politically marginalized through discriminatory practices, fueling the desire to maintain distinctiveness from Hindu civilization
• Islam promotes the equality of all, economic and social justice, and self-determination, which were ideals influencing the demand for a separate Muslim state
• Quaid-e-Azam underscored Pakistani unity, democracy, economic growth, religious freedom, social justice, and positive international relations as fundamental
• Allama Iqbal emphasized the Islamic identity’s preservation, self-realization, and political sovereignty of Muslims
• Colonialism is when one nation seizes control of another country or area for its own profit to modify the language, culture, and governance of the existing residents
• British colonialism introduced modern systems but also created economic exploitation and social inequality, leading to the separation of India and Pakistan in 1947
• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan advocated for modern education for Indian Muslims and played a crucial role in the Pakistan Movement

Unit 02: Establishment of Pakistan

• The Important Developments between 1906-1920 saw the Simla Deputation (1906) having 35 Muslims address the Viceroy of India, Lord Minto, on October 1, 1906 listing the demands of the Viceroy
• The All-India Muslim league (1906) Urdu-Hindu Controversy, extremist organizations, and Congress's anti-Muslim policies forced Muslims to form League
• On December 30, 1907, the first League annual session was held in Karachi and next session of the League was held in Alligarh on March 18, 1908 Sir Agha Khan was elected as the president
• In 1909 Minto-Morley Reforms were fruitful for Muslims as their demand for a separate electorate was accepted and Muslims were recognized as a separate nation
• During WWI, Turkey, the seat of Khilafat, confronted the Allied forces, resulting in Indian Muslims launching the Khilafat movement to safeguard the Khilafat institution
• The Indian government introduced Montague-Chelmsford Reforms in 1919 and fulfilled its promise, and in 1927, it instituted a commission under the leadership of Sir John Simon
• Moti Lal Nehru and the all party committee presented Nehru Report which ignored Muslim community and Muslim members refused to accept it
• Quaid-e-Azam convened League session in 1929 and advocated for 14 points to have Provincial autonomy, federal system, representation minority rights

Section 2: Geography of Pakistan

Unit 03: Land of Pakistan

• Pakistan is located in South Asia and extends from 24° N to 37° N latitude and 61°E to 77°E longitude
• Pakistan covers 796,096 km²
• Bordering countries: India to the east, China to the northeast, Afghanistan to the west, and Iran to the southwest
• The Karakoram range is home to the K2
• With 2,611 Km Durand Line is the western border with Afghanistan, the Wahkan Corridor jutting into Tajikistan
• A northernmost Line of Control (LOC) divides Pakastani-administered Kashmir with Indian-held Kashmir territory for 806 Km
• It spans 1,600 km north to south and 885 km east to west.
• Federal Capital: Islamabad
• Four provinces: Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, and Sindh
• 1,058 km long a coastal area

Section 3: Resources and Economic Development of Pakistan

• No information provided in given text

Explores the ideological foundations of Pakistan, emphasizing the need for a separate state for Muslims. It highlights the preservation of Islamic principles, economic disparities, and socio-political marginalization faced by Muslims after the War of Independence.