Pak301 ( Lecture 5)

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Questions and Answers

What was one of the main reasons behind the British government's decision to revoke the partition of Bengal in 1911?

Because of the economic losses faced by the British

To appease the Muslim community

Due to the strong support from the Hindu community

To avoid trouble during the visit of King George V (correct)

What was the main objective of the Simla Deputation of 1906?

To protest against the partition of Bengal

To present the demands of the Muslim community to the British government (correct)

To demand independence from British rule

To establish a separate Muslim nation

What was a key demand of the Simla Deputation of 1906?

Separation of India into Hindu and Muslim states

Representation in proportion to their population

Representation more than their population due to their historical importance (correct)

Introduction of democratic principles in India

What was the outcome of the Simla Deputation's meeting with the Viceroy?

The Viceroy was sympathetic towards their demands Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Simla Deputation of 1906?

It was the first systematic attempt by the Muslims to present their demands to the British government Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the partition of Bengal in 1905?

East Bengal became a Muslim majority province Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the War of Independence in 1857 for the Muslim rule in India?

It marked the decline of Muslim rule in India Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Aligarh movement and the Central Mohammedan Association of Justice Amir Ali Syed?

To revive the self-identity and political positioning of Muslims in Indian society Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Hindi-Urdu Controversy?

It unearthed the hatred and enmity of the Hindu community towards the Muslims Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason behind the formation of the Congress?

To incorporate Muslims into Hinduism Signup and view all the answers

What was the area covered by United Bengal before the partition of 1905?

189,000 sq.miles Signup and view all the answers

What was the year of the Lucknow Pact?

1916 Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Muslim leaders after the meeting of the Mohammedan Educational Conference?

To create a permanent political forum for Muslims Signup and view all the answers

Who chaired the meeting where the Muslim League was formed?

Wiqar-ul-Mulk Signup and view all the answers

What was the main objective of the Muslim League, as stated in its constitution?

To protect and promote the political rights and interests of Muslims Signup and view all the answers

What led to a major drift in the Muslim League's policy in 1913?

The annulment of the Partition of Bengal and Western aggression towards Muslim countries Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Lucknow Pact in 1916?

The constitutional proposals were approved, including one-third seats for Muslims in the Imperial Legislative Council Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Lucknow Pact for Muslims?

It recognized the rights of Muslims and gave them a separate electorate Signup and view all the answers

What was the announcement made by the British government on August 20, 1917?

The British government would introduce greater association of Indians in all branches of government Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate outcome of the historical struggle of the Muslims in India?

The Muslims organized their political party and got recognition by the Hindus as a separate nation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Decline of Muslim Rule in India

The year 1857 marked the decline of Muslim rule in India, with Muslims and Hindus participating in the War of Independence, but the British holding only Muslims responsible for the rebellion.

Efforts for Revival

Personalities like Justice Amir Ali Syed and the Aligarh movement emerged to guide the Muslim community in the critical situation.
Their efforts focused on reviving self-identity and political positioning in Indian society.

Post-War Era

The post-war era was disastrous for Muslims, with ruthless persecution and lack of support.
The Indian society was hostile towards Muslims, with the Hindu Revivalist movements targeting them.

Key Events

Hindi-Urdu Controversy (late 19th century): highlighted the hatred and enmity of the Hindu community towards Muslims.
Formation of the Congress (late 19th century): a method to incorporate Muslims into Hinduism, popularizing agitational politics.

Events Since the Beginning of 20th Century

Partition of Bengal (1905): a Muslim-majority province with 13 million out of 31 million people, which was strongly supported by Muslims but opposed by Hindus.
Annulment of the Partition (1911): the British government revoked the partition to avoid trouble during the visit of King George V.

Simla Deputation (1906)

The first systematic attempt by Muslims to present their demands to the British government.
The delegation, led by Sir Agha Khan, emphasized the importance of considering Muslims' historical contributions and separate identity.
Demands included:
- Representation more than their population due to their importance.
- Separate electorate.
- Reservations of Muslim seats in government jobs.

Formation of the Muslim League (1906)

The All India Muslim League was formed after the success of the Simla Deputation.
The League's goals included:
- Protection and promotion of political rights and interests of Muslims.
- Cooperation with other communities without prejudice to the above goal.
- Fostering sense of loyalty among Muslims towards the government.

Change in the Goals of the Muslim League (1913)

The League changed its goals due to the annulment of the Partition of Bengal and Western aggression towards Muslim countries.
New goals included:
- Self-government under the British Crown, considering India's peculiar conditions.
- Good relations with other communities and cooperation with any party working for similar goals.

Lucknow Pact (1916)

A product of Hindu-Muslim unity, led by M.A. Jinnah.
The pact included:
- One-third seats for Muslims in the Imperial Legislative Council.
- Separate electorate.
- Half members of the Executive Council to be elected by the Imperial Legislative Council.

Gains from Muslim Point-of-view

Separate electorate.
One-third Muslim seats in Central Legislature.
Unofficial bill, if opposed by three-fourth members of a community, it will not be passed.

August 20, 1917 Announcement by British Government

Secretary of State Montagu promised:
- Greater association of Indians in all branches of government.
- Responsible government.
- Induction of Indians in the commissioned ranks.