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Questions and Answers
What is the packed cell volume (hematocrit) a measure of?
What is the packed cell volume (hematocrit) a measure of?
- Volume of plasma per 100 ml of blood
- Total volume of blood in the body
- Volume of blood cells per 100 ml of blood (correct)
- Volume of platelets per 100 ml of blood
What is the average percentage of blood volume made up by the plasma?
What is the average percentage of blood volume made up by the plasma?
- 40%
- 55% (correct)
- 60%
- 45%
What is the average number of RBCs per cubic millimeter in healthy men?
What is the average number of RBCs per cubic millimeter in healthy men?
- 4,700,000 (±300,000)
- 4,400,000 (±300,000)
- 5,200,000 (±300,000) (correct)
- 6,000,000 (±300,000)
What is the average number of RBCs per cubic millimeter in women?
What is the average number of RBCs per cubic millimeter in women?
What is the average lifespan of RBCs?
What is the average lifespan of RBCs?
From where are RBCs derived?
From where are RBCs derived?
What causes growth induction and production of increased numbers of erythrocytes?
What causes growth induction and production of increased numbers of erythrocytes?
What is the first step in the procedure for measuring packed cell volume?
What is the first step in the procedure for measuring packed cell volume?
What should be done after allowing the blood to enter the capillary tube in the procedure for measuring packed cell volume?
What should be done after allowing the blood to enter the capillary tube in the procedure for measuring packed cell volume?
What happens to the shape of RBCs as they squeeze through capillaries?
What happens to the shape of RBCs as they squeeze through capillaries?
What part of blood reflects the volume of red blood cells?
What part of blood reflects the volume of red blood cells?
Which condition is characterized by an increase in the volume of P.C.V above the reference range?
Which condition is characterized by an increase in the volume of P.C.V above the reference range?
What can cause microcytic hypochromic anemia?
What can cause microcytic hypochromic anemia?
Which condition is associated with megaloblastic anemia?
Which condition is associated with megaloblastic anemia?
What causes primary polycythemias?
What causes primary polycythemias?
Which condition is associated with hemolytic anemia?
Which condition is associated with hemolytic anemia?
What type of anemia results from a lack of functioning bone marrow?
What type of anemia results from a lack of functioning bone marrow?
Which condition can cause a decrease in the volume of P.C.V?
Which condition can cause a decrease in the volume of P.C.V?
What can result from exposure to high-dose radiation or chemotherapy for cancer treatment?
What can result from exposure to high-dose radiation or chemotherapy for cancer treatment?
Which condition is caused by vitamin B12 & folic acid deficiency?
Which condition is caused by vitamin B12 & folic acid deficiency?
What is the term for a decrease in the volume of P.C.V below the normal range?
What is the term for a decrease in the volume of P.C.V below the normal range?
Which condition results in an increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin, or RBC?
Which condition results in an increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin, or RBC?
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Study Notes
Red Blood Cells and Hematocrit
- Packed cell volume (hematocrit) measures the proportion of blood volume made up by red blood cells (RBCs).
- Plasma makes up approximately 55% of blood volume.
- Healthy men have an average of 5.4 million RBCs per cubic millimeter.
- Healthy women have an average of 4.8 million RBCs per cubic millimeter.
- The average lifespan of RBCs is 120 days.
- RBCs are derived from stem cells in the bone marrow.
- Growth induction and production of increased numbers of erythrocytes are caused by erythropoietin (EPO).
Measuring Packed Cell Volume
- The first step in measuring packed cell volume is to add anticoagulant to the blood sample.
- After allowing the blood to enter the capillary tube, the tube should be sealed at one end and centrifuged.
Characteristics of RBCs
- RBCs change shape to squeeze through capillaries.
- The hematocrit (packed cell volume) reflects the volume of red blood cells.
Anemia and Related Conditions
- Polycythemia is characterized by an increase in packed cell volume above the reference range.
- Microcytic hypochromic anemia can be caused by iron deficiency.
- Megaloblastic anemia is associated with vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency.
- Primary polycythemias are caused by genetic mutations.
- Hemolytic anemia is associated with premature destruction of RBCs.
- Aplastic anemia results from a lack of functioning bone marrow.
- Anemia can cause a decrease in packed cell volume.
- Bone marrow failure can result from exposure to high-dose radiation or chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
- Anemia can also be caused by vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency.
- Anemia is characterized by a decrease in packed cell volume below the normal range.
- Polycythemia results in an increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin, or RBCs.
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