Test yourself Questions: Cardiovascular System
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Questions and Answers

Which structure in the heart acts as the pacemaker?

  • Purkinje fiber system
  • SA node (correct)
  • Bundle of His
  • AV node
  • Where is the SA node located?

  • Wall of the left atrium
  • Wall of the right ventricle
  • Wall of the right atrium (correct)
  • Wall of the left ventricle
  • During which phase of the cardiac cycle does muscle contraction occur?

  • Depolarization
  • Systole (correct)
  • Diastole
  • Repolarization
  • Which heart sound is produced when the mitral valve closes?

    <p>First sound (lub)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stroke volume measure?

    <p>Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during one contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what order does a drop of blood pass through the following types of blood vessels, starting from the aortic valve in the left ventricle, ending in the right atrium?

    <p>Aorta, large to small elastic arteries, large to small muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, small to large veins, vena cava, right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the coronary artery a muscular or elastic artery?

    <p>Elastic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two bypass structures allow most of the blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation in a fetus?

    <p>Foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between heart rate and pulse?

    <p>Heart rate measures the number of ventricular contractions in 1 minute, while pulse measures the rate of alternating stretching and recoiling of an elastic artery wall as blood passes through it over 1 minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle does muscle relaxation occur?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart sound is produced when the aortic valve closes?

    <p>The second sound (dub)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic tool is used to evaluate the size, shape, and movement of the heart?

    <p>ECHO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an ECG detect?

    <p>Electrical activity in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic tool is used to evaluate the cardiac conduction system?

    <p>ECG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an ECG detect?

    <p>Electrical activity in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an ECG and an ECHO?

    <p>ECG detects the electrical activity in the heart, while an ECHO evaluates the size, shape, and movement of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart pacemaker is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which four conductors make up the rapid conduction system for an impulse created by the heart pacemaker?

    <p>SA node, AV node, Bundle of his, and Purkunji fiber system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart pacemaker is responsible for delaying the electrical impulses before they are transmitted to the ventricles?

    <p>AV node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generates an impulse in the cardiac cycle that results in muscle contraction?

    <p>D. Depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart is responsible for producing systolic blood pressure?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What systolic blood pressure measure?

    <p>It measures the pressure produced in the arteries by the blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Heart Structure and Function

    • The sinoatrial (SA) node acts as the heart's pacemaker, initiating electrical impulses that regulate heartbeats.
    • The SA node is located in the right atrium, near the opening of the superior vena cava.
    • Muscle contraction occurs during the systole phase of the cardiac cycle.

    Heart Sounds

    • The first heart sound, S1, is produced when the mitral valve closes.
    • The second heart sound, S2, is produced when the aortic valve closes.

    Stroke Volume and Blood Flow

    • Stroke volume measures the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each heartbeat.
    • Blood flows in the following order: aortic valve → arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins → superior/inferior vena cava → right atrium.

    Arterial Types and Fetal Circulation

    • The coronary artery is classified as an elastic artery, designed to handle high-pressure blood flow.
    • In fetuses, blood bypasses pulmonary circulation primarily through the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale.

    Heart Rate vs. Pulse

    • Heart rate refers to the number of heartbeats per minute, while pulse is the tactile representation of the heart rate as felt through the artery walls.

    Cardiac Cycle Phases

    • Muscle relaxation occurs during the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle.

    Diagnostic Tools

    • An echocardiogram (ECHO) is used to evaluate the size, shape, and movement of the heart.
    • An electrocardiogram (ECG) detects electrical activity of the heart, monitoring rhythm and conduction.

    Electrical Conduction System

    • The heart's pacemaker includes the SA node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers as the four main conductors of electrical impulses.
    • The AV node is responsible for delaying electrical impulses before transmitting them to the ventricles.

    Impulses and Blood Pressure

    • An impulse generated by the SA node results in muscle contraction in the cardiac cycle.
    • The left ventricle is responsible for producing systolic blood pressure, the pressure in the arteries during contraction.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the pacemaker of the heart and its role in the cardiac cycle with this quiz. Learn about the location of the SA node and the four conductors of the rapid conduction system. Discover the working phase of the cardiac cycle and how it generates impulses for muscle contraction.

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