p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of p53 in the cell?

To control the integrity and correctness of all processes in each individual cell and in the organism as a whole.

How does p53 act as an anti-cancer promotion agent?

It can activate DNA repair proteins when DNA has sustained damage, induce growth arrest by holding the cell cycle at the G1/S regulation point on DNA damage recognition, or initiate apoptosis if DNA damage proves to be irreparable.

What signaling pathways convey signals modifying activities of p53?

Multiple signaling pathways convey signals modifying activities of p53.

What are the members of the p53 family?

<p>p53, p63, and p73</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of human cancers have been found to have p53 mutations?

<p>Up to 50% of human cancers have been found to have p53 mutations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was p53 identified as in the 1970s?

<p>A binding partner for the SV40 tumor virus oncoprotein large T antigen and an important target for tumor-igenic processes induced by DNA tumor viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is p53 known as because of its ability to protect the cell by inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis?

<p>the guardian of the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the two genes discovered in 1997 that bear significant homology to p53?

<p>p63 and p73</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MDM-2, the product of a p53-activated gene?

<p>binds to p53 and acts as an E-3 ubiquitin ligase that adds ubiquitin to p53 and results in its degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ATM protein kinase CHK2 in response to UV, gamma irradiation, and genotoxic drugs?

<p>activation of p53</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of the p53 protein when synthesized in cells?

<p>6 to 20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MDM-X in relation to MDM-2?

<p>MDM-X can oligomerize with MDM-2, leading to stabilization of MDM-2 and accelerated degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some cellular stress signals that appear to activate p53?

<p>UV, gamma irradiation, genotoxic drugs, nutrition deprivation, heat or cold shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three domains that p63 and p73 share with p53?

<p>transactivation domain, DNA binding domain, and oligomerization domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are p63 and p73 more homologous to, compared to p53?

<p>to one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MDM-2 in the autoregulatory loop involving p53?

<p>MDM-2 acts as an E-3 ubiquitin ligase that adds ubiquitin to p53 and results in its degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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