P53 Signaling Pathway: Tumor Suppressor Protein
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the p53 protein?

  • Inducing cancerous processes
  • Promoting the growth of abnormal cells
  • Inhibiting cell suicide
  • Activating DNA repair proteins when DNA is damaged (correct)

    • Which gene encodes the p53 tumor suppressor protein in humans?

  • TP73
  • SV40
  • TP63
  • TP53 (correct)

    • What is the role of p53 in controlling the cell cycle?

  • Preventing DNA damage
  • Halting the cell cycle at the G1/S regulation point on DNA damage recognition (correct)
  • Promoting uncontrolled cell division
  • Inhibiting apoptosis

    • What is the significance of p53 mutations in human cancers?

    <p>They are found in up to 50% of human cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does p53 respond to irreparable DNA damage?

    <p>By initiating apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family includes p53, p63, and p73?

    <p>p53 family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of p53 in response to cellular insults?

    <p>Inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for p53 being referred to as the guardian of the genome?

    <p>Its ability to protect the cell from cellular insults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the discovery of genes p63 and p73 in relation to p53?

    <p>They bear significant homology to p53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MDM-2, a p53-activated gene?

    <p>It degrades p53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of MDM-X in relation to MDM-2?

    <p>It inhibits the degradation of p53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ATM protein kinase CHK2?

    <p>Activating p53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stress signals such as UV and genotoxic drugs impact the activation of p53?

    <p>They delay or reduce p53 activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased p53 activity?

    <p>Upregulation of MDM-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ATR kinase CHK1 after UV irradiation?

    <p>Altering the p53 response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of p63 and p73 in relation to tumor suppression?

    <p>They play a similar role as their well-known sibling p53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of p53 in response to DNA damage?

    <p>Activate DNA repair proteins, induce growth arrest, or initiate apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of p53 in controlling the integrity and correctness of processes in individual cells and the organism as a whole?

    <p>To control the integrity and correctness of all processes in each individual cell and in the organism as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the p53 protein?

    <p>To act as a transcription factor that activates and represses target genes implicated in cell cycle control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the members of the p53 family?

    <p>p53, p63, and p73</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of p53 mutations in human cancers?

    <p>P53 mutations are found in up to 50% of human cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does p53 ensure the genetic identity of cells and prevent the selection of abnormal cells?

    <p>Gathers information about ongoing events in the cell through multiple signaling pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the names of the two genes discovered almost 20 years after p53?

    <p>p63 and p73</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of p53 in response to cellular insults?

    <p>Inducing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased p53 activity?

    <p>Upregulation of MDM-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MDM-2, a p53-activated gene?

    <p>Binds to p53 and acts as an E-3 ubiquitin ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the p53 protein?

    <p>Sensing DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of MDM-X in relation to MDM-2?

    <p>MDM-X can oligomerize with MDM-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of p53 mutations in human cancers?

    <p>p53 mutations are found to reside on chromosomes that are frequently lost or mutated in human cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of p63 and p73 in relation to tumor suppression?

    <p>Speculation about their ability to behave like p53 as tumor suppressor genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for p53 being referred to as the guardian of the genome?

    <p>Its ability to protect the cell by responding to cellular insults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family includes p53, p63, and p73?

    <p>p53 family</p> Signup and view all the answers

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