Haematopoietic system

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Questions and Answers

What gives blood its red color?

  • Platelets
  • Haemoglobin (correct)
  • White blood cells
  • Plasma

Which of the following is a function of blood?

  • Digestion
  • Respiration
  • Regulation (correct)
  • Excretion

According to the text, what is the origin of blood cells?

  • Monophyletic theory (correct)
  • Polyphyletic theory
  • Both theories are correct
  • None of the above

Which group of substances determines whether blood will clot or not?

<p>Both procoagulants and anticoagulants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a blood vessel is ruptured?

<p>Procoagulants become more active than anticoagulants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular weight of prothrombin?

<p>68,700 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood has a higher acidity and lower pH?

<p>Venous blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of the biconcave disc shape of red blood cells?

<p>Surface area to volume ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for the destruction of old and damaged erythrocytes?

<p>Macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pigment responsible for the red color of blood?

<p>Hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for releasing histamine causing vasodilation?

<p>Basophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is highly phagocytic and the most common first responder to microbial infection?

<p>Neutrophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is particularly effective with antigen-antibody complexes and releases antihistamines?

<p>Eosinophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte has a horseshoe-shaped nucleus and is designed to degrade engulfed tissue debris from chronic inflammatory reactions?

<p>Monocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is responsible for releasing histamine causing vasodilation?

<p>Basophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets?

<p>To form blood clots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is highly phagocytic and the most common first responder to microbial infection?

<p>Neutrophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of preventing blood loss called?

<p>Vascular spasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is responsible for degrading engulfed tissue debris from chronic inflammatory reactions?

<p>Monocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the oxidation of iron in methaemoglobin?

<p>Superoxides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is responsible for allergen and antigen response?

<p>Basophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of venous blood compared to arterial blood?

<p>Venous blood has a lower pH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of reticulocytes?

<p>Reticulocytes are nucleated erythrocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of old and damaged erythrocytes?

<p>They are broken down by macrophages through phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of macrophages in relation to erythrocytes?

<p>Macrophages engulf and break down erythrocytes through phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pigment responsible for the red color of blood?

<p>Hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural difference between hemoglobin and myoglobin?

<p>Hemoglobin is composed of four polypeptide chains, while myoglobin is composed of a single polypeptide chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of the biconcave disc shape of red blood cells?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is responsible for clot formation when a blood vessel is ruptured?

<p>Procoagulants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of substances is more in number, resulting in blood not often clotting in the blood vessels?

<p>Anticoagulants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular weight of prothrombin?

<p>68,700 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular weight of thrombin?

<p>33,700 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of anticoagulants in blood clotting?

<p>To prevent clot formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of procoagulants in blood clotting?

<p>To promote clot formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma protein can easily split into smaller compounds, one of which is thrombin?

<p>Prothrombin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thrombin in blood clotting?

<p>To promote clot formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether blood will clot or not?

<p>Anticoagulants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

<p>Respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between haemoglobin and myoglobin?

<p>Haemoglobin carries oxygen, while myoglobin stores oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between granulocytic and agranulocytic leukocytes?

<p>Granulocytic leukocytes have granules in their cytoplasm, while agranulocytic leukocytes do not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of haemostasis?

<p>The formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between anticoagulants and procoagulants?

<p>Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting, while procoagulants promote blood clotting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of the blood coagulation pathway?

<p>The formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the haematopoietic system?

<p>Blood, bone marrow, and lymphoreticular tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity provides lasting and protective immunity?

<p>Adaptive immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phagocytes?

<p>To identify and eradicate foreign agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are involved in defense against parasitic infections?

<p>Eosinophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for triggering the complement cascade?

<p>Basophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte is a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

<p>B-cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphocyte is involved in the initiation of adaptive immunity?

<p>T-cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte is the most abundant type of white blood cells?

<p>Neutrophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eosinophils?

<p>To release toxic substances against parasites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte is particularly effective with antigen-antibody complexes and releases antihistamines?

<p>Eosinophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells of the immune system are involved in recognition and clearance of foreign agents?

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of the innate immune response?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the physical and chemical barriers against infection?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary lymphoid organs?

<p>Primary lymphoid organs are involved in the initial immune response, while secondary lymphoid organs are involved in the adaptive immune response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are immune complexes?

<p>Antibodies bound to antigens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between epitopes and antigens?

<p>Epitopes are specific sites on antibodies, while antigens are foreign substances that trigger an immune response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is immunity?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functional components of the immune system?

<p>Innate and adaptive immunity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cellular systems involved in preserving the integrity of the external and internal environment of the animal?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of innate immunity?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key features of the complement system?

<p>Inherent from birth and consistently active. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity provides a tailored response to specific pathogens?

<p>Adaptive immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phagocytes?

<p>To recognize and eradicate foreign agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte is highly phagocytic and the most common first responder to microbial infection?

<p>Neutrophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eosinophils?

<p>To release toxic substances to destroy parasites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte is particularly effective with antigen-antibody complexes and releases antihistamines?

<p>Mast cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary/central lymphoid organs?

<p>Thymus and bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the secondary/peripheral lymphoid organs?

<p>Lymph nodes and spleen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils?

<p>To engulf and destroy pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mast cells?

<p>To facilitate antigen presentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of basophils?

<p>To trigger the complement cascade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the physical and chemical barriers against infection?

<p>Skin, eyelashes, cilia, mucous membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the innate and adaptive immune response?

<p>The innate immune response is present from birth and consistently active, while the adaptive immune response is acquired and specific. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phagocytes?

<p>To engulf and destroy pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are involved in defense against parasitic infections?

<p>Eosinophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of platelets?

<p>To help with blood clotting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are immune complexes?

<p>Antigen-antibody complexes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between epitopes and antigens?

<p>Epitopes are specific regions on antigens that antibodies bind to. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eosinophils?

<p>To defend against parasitic infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity provides lasting and protective immunity?

<p>Adaptive immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of the innate immune response?

<p>Inherent from birth, first line of defense, non-specific cellular responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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