Haematopoietic system
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Questions and Answers

What gives blood its red color?

  • Platelets
  • Haemoglobin (correct)
  • White blood cells
  • Plasma

    • Which of the following is a function of blood?

  • Digestion
  • Respiration
  • Regulation (correct)
  • Excretion

    • According to the text, what is the origin of blood cells?

  • Monophyletic theory (correct)
  • Polyphyletic theory
  • Both theories are correct
  • None of the above

    • Which group of substances determines whether blood will clot or not?

    <p>Both procoagulants and anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a blood vessel is ruptured?

    <p>Procoagulants become more active than anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of prothrombin?

    <p>68,700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood has a higher acidity and lower pH?

    <p>Venous blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of the biconcave disc shape of red blood cells?

    <p>Surface area to volume ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for the destruction of old and damaged erythrocytes?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pigment responsible for the red color of blood?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is responsible for releasing histamine causing vasodilation?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is highly phagocytic and the most common first responder to microbial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is particularly effective with antigen-antibody complexes and releases antihistamines?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte has a horseshoe-shaped nucleus and is designed to degrade engulfed tissue debris from chronic inflammatory reactions?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is responsible for releasing histamine causing vasodilation?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of platelets?

    <p>To form blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is highly phagocytic and the most common first responder to microbial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of preventing blood loss called?

    <p>Vascular spasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is responsible for degrading engulfed tissue debris from chronic inflammatory reactions?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the oxidation of iron in methaemoglobin?

    <p>Superoxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is responsible for allergen and antigen response?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of venous blood compared to arterial blood?

    <p>Venous blood has a lower pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of reticulocytes?

    <p>Reticulocytes are nucleated erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of old and damaged erythrocytes?

    <p>They are broken down by macrophages through phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of macrophages in relation to erythrocytes?

    <p>Macrophages engulf and break down erythrocytes through phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pigment responsible for the red color of blood?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structural difference between hemoglobin and myoglobin?

    <p>Hemoglobin is composed of four polypeptide chains, while myoglobin is composed of a single polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the biconcave disc shape of red blood cells?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is responsible for clot formation when a blood vessel is ruptured?

    <p>Procoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of substances is more in number, resulting in blood not often clotting in the blood vessels?

    <p>Anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of prothrombin?

    <p>68,700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of thrombin?

    <p>33,700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of anticoagulants in blood clotting?

    <p>To prevent clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of procoagulants in blood clotting?

    <p>To promote clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein can easily split into smaller compounds, one of which is thrombin?

    <p>Prothrombin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thrombin in blood clotting?

    <p>To promote clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether blood will clot or not?

    <p>Anticoagulants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between haemoglobin and myoglobin?

    <p>Haemoglobin carries oxygen, while myoglobin stores oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between granulocytic and agranulocytic leukocytes?

    <p>Granulocytic leukocytes have granules in their cytoplasm, while agranulocytic leukocytes do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of haemostasis?

    <p>The formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between anticoagulants and procoagulants?

    <p>Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting, while procoagulants promote blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of the blood coagulation pathway?

    <p>The formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the haematopoietic system?

    <p>Blood, bone marrow, and lymphoreticular tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity provides lasting and protective immunity?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phagocytes?

    <p>To identify and eradicate foreign agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in defense against parasitic infections?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for triggering the complement cascade?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

    <p>B-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphocyte is involved in the initiation of adaptive immunity?

    <p>T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is the most abundant type of white blood cells?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of eosinophils?

    <p>To release toxic substances against parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is particularly effective with antigen-antibody complexes and releases antihistamines?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells of the immune system are involved in recognition and clearance of foreign agents?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main characteristics of the innate immune response?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the physical and chemical barriers against infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between primary and secondary lymphoid organs?

    <p>Primary lymphoid organs are involved in the initial immune response, while secondary lymphoid organs are involved in the adaptive immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are immune complexes?

    <p>Antibodies bound to antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between epitopes and antigens?

    <p>Epitopes are specific sites on antibodies, while antigens are foreign substances that trigger an immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is immunity?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functional components of the immune system?

    <p>Innate and adaptive immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cellular systems involved in preserving the integrity of the external and internal environment of the animal?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of innate immunity?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key features of the complement system?

    <p>Inherent from birth and consistently active.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity provides a tailored response to specific pathogens?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phagocytes?

    <p>To recognize and eradicate foreign agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is highly phagocytic and the most common first responder to microbial infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of eosinophils?

    <p>To release toxic substances to destroy parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is particularly effective with antigen-antibody complexes and releases antihistamines?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary/central lymphoid organs?

    <p>Thymus and bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the secondary/peripheral lymphoid organs?

    <p>Lymph nodes and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neutrophils?

    <p>To engulf and destroy pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mast cells?

    <p>To facilitate antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of basophils?

    <p>To trigger the complement cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the physical and chemical barriers against infection?

    <p>Skin, eyelashes, cilia, mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the innate and adaptive immune response?

    <p>The innate immune response is present from birth and consistently active, while the adaptive immune response is acquired and specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phagocytes?

    <p>To engulf and destroy pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in defense against parasitic infections?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of platelets?

    <p>To help with blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are immune complexes?

    <p>Antigen-antibody complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between epitopes and antigens?

    <p>Epitopes are specific regions on antigens that antibodies bind to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of eosinophils?

    <p>To defend against parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity provides lasting and protective immunity?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main characteristics of the innate immune response?

    <p>Inherent from birth, first line of defense, non-specific cellular responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

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