41 Questions
Where is red (hematopoietic) bone marrow primarily found in adults?
Skull and vertebrae
Which type of hematopoietic tissue produces everything except lymphocytes?
Myeloid tissue
What is the function of hematopoietic tissue?
Produce new blood cells and remove old ones
Which process does the megakaryocyte nucleus undergo?
Endomitosis
How many copies of normal DNA can the megakaryocyte nucleus have?
32 copies
What is the main function of platelets?
To form blood clots
Where do B lymphocytes develop?
Bone marrow
Which cells are responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?
Hematopoietic stem cells
What type of collagen fibers are present in the bone marrow?
Type III collagen fibers
What are sinusoids?
Thin-walled vessels with discontinuous endothelial cells
What is the main function of erythrocytes?
To produce hemoglobin
Which process occurs in the megakaryocyte nucleus?
Endomitosis
What is the main function of platelets?
Form blood clots
Where do B lymphocytes develop?
Bone marrow
What is the function of granulocytes?
Phagocytosis
Which type of cells have a multilobed nucleus?
Megakaryocytes
How long does granulocyte maturation in the bone marrow take?
A few weeks
Where do T lymphocytes develop?
Thymus
What is the main function of erythrocytes?
Transport oxygen
What is the function of agranulocytes?
Produce antibodies
Where do B and T cells populate after leaving the bone marrow and thymus?
Lymph nodes
Which cells are present in the bone marrow?
Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Adipocytes, Osteogenic cells, Endothelial cells
What are the main jobs of erythrocytes?
Make hemoglobin and form red blood cells with no nucleus
How many red cells are released into the blood per second?
2,500,000
What happens to the size of the red cell and its nucleus as it matures?
Both decrease
What happens to the chromatin in the nucleus as the red cell matures?
It becomes more condensed
What is the first stage of red cell maturation?
Proerythroblast
Which cells give rise to platelets?
Megakaryocytes
What is the size of megakaryocytes?
Up to 100 µm
What type of collagen fibers are present in the bone marrow?
Type III collagen fibers
What is the main function of platelets?
To form blood clots
Which type of hematopoietic tissue produces lymphocytes?
Lymphoid tissue
Where is yellow bone marrow primarily found in adults?
Long bone diaphyses
What is the function of granulocytes?
Remove old blood cells
What is the main function of erythrocytes?
Carry oxygen
Where is red (hematopoietic) bone marrow primarily found in adults?
Skull
What are the components of bone marrow stroma?
Connective tissue network
What is the function of platelets?
Form blood clots
What is the function of hematopoietic tissue?
Produce new blood cells
What is the developmental stages of erythropoiesis?
Proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatophilic erythroblast, orthochromic erythroblast
What is the developmental stages of granulopoiesis?
Myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte
Study Notes
Bone Marrow Structure and Function
- Red (hematopoietic) bone marrow is primarily found in the cavities of bones such as the pelvis, ribs, and sternum in adults.
- Yellow bone marrow is primarily found in the shafts of long bones in adults.
Hematopoietic Tissue
- Hematopoietic tissue produces all blood cells except lymphocytes.
- Hematopoietic tissue is responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Megakaryocytes and Platelets
- Megakaryocytes undergo endomitosis, a process in which the nucleus undergoes multiple rounds of DNA replication without cell division.
- Megakaryocyte nuclei can have up to 64 copies of normal DNA.
- Platelets are produced from megakaryocytes.
- The main function of platelets is to form blood clots and stop bleeding.
Lymphocyte Development
- B lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow.
- T lymphocytes develop in the thymus.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
- Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to all types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Bone Marrow Components
- Bone marrow stroma consists of various components, including fat cells, macrophages, and reticular cells.
- Bone marrow also contains sinusoids, which are special blood vessels.
Erythrocytes
- The main function of erythrocytes (red blood cells) is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.
- Erythrocytes have no nucleus in their mature form.
- The developmental stages of erythropoiesis are: proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatic erythroblast, orthochromatic erythroblast, reticulocyte, and mature erythrocyte.
Granulocytes
- Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that has a multilobed nucleus.
- Granulocyte maturation in the bone marrow takes 10-14 days.
- The function of granulocytes is to engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria.
Agranulocytes
- Agranulocytes are a type of white blood cell that lacks granules in their cytoplasm.
- The function of agranulocytes is to produce antibodies to fight infections.
Test your knowledge on the hematopoietic system with this quiz. Learn about erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis, the differences between red and yellow marrow, bone marrow stroma, and colony forming units (CFUs).
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