Oxygen Transport and Utilization in Exercise
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Questions and Answers

What happens to alveolar ventilation during incremental exercise?

  • It remains constant throughout incremental exercise
  • It follows minute ventilation but increases gradient at ~80% intensity of max (correct)
  • It decreases as workload increases and plateaus ~80%
  • It decreases at higher intensity exercise
  • What happens to oxygen extraction from blood during maximal work rate?

  • It increases linearly with work rate
  • It plateaus around ~50% (correct)
  • It peaks at 80% intensity of max
  • It decreases as workload increases
  • What occurs during incremental exercise of PvCO2?

  • Venous blood saturation increases as workload increases
  • Venous blood saturation plateaus at 80% intensity
  • Arterial CO2 levels increase linearly with work rate
  • Arterial CO2 levels drop off at higher intensity exercise (correct)
  • What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

    <p>760 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH)?

    <p>Condition when O2 carried in arterial blood is severely reduced (by 10 mm Hg PaO2 or 4% SaO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to mean capillary and Mb (myoglobular) O2 levels at maximal exercise compared to rest?

    <p>They are higher at maximal exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to O2 mm Hg levels as it travels from atmosphere to mitochondria?

    <p>It gradually declines from gradients to travel from atmosphere all the way to mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to venous blood saturation as workload increases?

    <p>It decreases as workload increases and plateaus ~80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the alveolar and arterial PO2 at maximal exercise compared to at rest?

    <p>They are higher at maximal exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of making current fat cells bigger called?

    <p>Hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is visceral fat primarily stored?

    <p>Around organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health risks are associated with abdominal obesity?

    <p>Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does physical activity do to blood pressure?

    <p>Lowers blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by narrowed airways and increased energy cost of breathing?

    <p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ergogenic aids?

    <p>Substances or devices that enhance energy production, use, or recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does blood doping aim to achieve?

    <p>Increase number of red blood cells to enhance oxygen capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for glucose levels?

    <p>70-100 mg/dL (~5 mM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of altitude training?

    <p>Enhance oxygen capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of direct (pulmonary) physical activity?

    <p>Helps pulmonary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of heat exposure on VO2 max?

    <p>It decreases with increasing heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dehydration affect thermoregulation and performance?

    <p>It impairs performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the menstrual cycle on women's body temperature?

    <p>It slightly increases women's body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important mechanism for heat loss?

    <p>Evaporation and conduction/convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aging affect thermoregulation?

    <p>Children have less muscle mass and higher surface area-mass ratio, while older individuals have lower plasma volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the body's attempt to meet the demands of elevated core temperature during exercise?

    <p>Heat illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does intense exercise affect the immune system?

    <p>It may suppress immune function, leading to vulnerability to infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are important considerations for understanding thermoregulation in cold environments?

    <p>Clothing, heat production, and the immune system's response to exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can overtraining lead to?

    <p>Metabolic and neuroendocrine effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of obesity on health and adipose tissue composition?

    <p>It is an epidemic with significant implications for health and adipose tissue composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exercise Physiology: Thermoregulation, Hydration, and Immune System

    • Heat exposure affects blood pressure maintenance, cardiac output, and resistance, potentially leading to fainting.
    • VO2 max decreases with increasing heat, but acclimatization can improve thermoregulation and cardiovascular endurance.
    • Acclimatization involves adaptive changes, such as improved efficiency of thermoregulation, increased plasma volume, and earlier and increased sweating.
    • Body composition, hydration, and training affect thermoregulation, with fat acting as an insulator and dehydration impairing performance.
    • Hydration is crucial for athletes, as hypohydration and hyperhydration can lead to impaired performance and even heat illness.
    • Men and women have similar thermoregulatory responses, but the menstrual cycle can slightly increase women's body temperature.
    • Evaporation and conduction/convection are important mechanisms for heat loss, with males sweating at lower core temperatures and children having higher relative heat production.
    • Aging affects thermoregulation, with children having less muscle mass and a higher surface area-mass ratio, while older individuals have lower plasma volume.
    • Heat illness, such as heat cramps, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke, can result from the body's attempt to meet the demands of elevated core temperature during exercise.
    • Cold considerations, such as clothing, heat production, and the immune system's response to exercise, are important for understanding thermoregulation in cold environments.
    • The immune system can benefit from moderate exercise, but intense exercise may suppress immune function, leading to vulnerability to infections.
    • Overtraining can have metabolic and neuroendocrine effects, while obesity is an epidemic with significant implications for health and adipose tissue composition.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of oxygen transport and utilization during incremental exercise with this quiz. Explore concepts such as alveolar ventilation, arterial-venous oxygen difference, and muscle oxygen extraction. Perfect for students and professionals in exercise physiology and sports science.

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