30 Questions
Which hormone is responsible for stopping hunger?
Leptin
What hormone is responsible for decreasing glucose levels in the blood?
Insulin
Which hormone is released during overtraining and lack of rest?
Cortisol
Which hormone is responsible for increasing metabolic rate?
Thyroid hormone
Which hormone is responsible for increasing muscle size through protein synthesis?
Testosterone
Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of fats in adipocytes?
Interleukin 6 (IL-6)
Which hormone is responsible for maintaining blood plasma levels and triggering water retention?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which hormone increases sensitivity to insulin and decreases sensitivity with obesity?
Leptin
Which hormone decreases from exercise and inhibits gluconeogenesis?
Insulin
Which hormone is released by muscle and increases muscle remodeling?
Myokines (IL-6)
What causes depletion of PCr and glycogen stores in muscle fatigue?
Accumulation of lactic acid, H+ ions, inorganic phosphate, ammonia
What is the normal pH range in muscles?
6.6-7.1
Which factor affects Ca2+ binding to troponin and actin and myosin binding?
H+ ions
What can be used as a fuel source in the presence of fatigue?
Lactate
What causes metabolic fatigue due to decreased ATP production?
Enzyme changes
What is the stimulation of nerve fibers from H+ ions known as?
Pain
What affects the permeability of membrane transport in muscle fatigue?
H+ ions
Which type of muscle experiences lactic acid accumulation during fatigue?
Type IIb (fast glycolytic)
What affects the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle fatigue?
H+ ions
What inhibits glycogen utilization in muscle fatigue?
H+ ions
What is the controversial effect of lactic acid build-up in speed skating?
H+ ions have detrimental effects and lactate can be a fuel source
What does carbohydrate supercompensation involve?
Depleting glycogen stores and then consuming carbohydrates to double the amount of stored glycogen
What is a potential consequence of excessive use of sodium bicarbonate for buffering H+ ions?
Causing gastrointestinal issues
What is a potential effect of caffeine during exercise?
Increasing fatty acid utilization
What are the attributed factors for muscle soreness?
Inflammation, muscle damage, and increased Ca2+ levels
What is involved in thermoregulation?
Maintaining a relatively constant body temperature despite external environmental changes
What influences heat exchange in thermoregulation?
Factors such as gradient, humidity, wind, sunlight, clothing, and playing ground
What are important concepts related to thermoregulation?
Heat stress and strain, hyperthermia, and acclimatization
What affects thermoregulation?
Hydration, body composition, acclimatization, and aging
When do men and women generally have different responses for thermoregulation?
During the menstrual cycle and in terms of evaporation and conduction/convection
Study Notes
Exercise Physiology: Factors Affecting Performance and Thermoregulation
- Lactic acid build-up in speed skating can have controversial effects, with H+ ions having detrimental effects and lactate potentially being a fuel source.
- Carbohydrate supercompensation involves depleting glycogen stores and then consuming carbohydrates to double the amount of stored glycogen.
- Sodium bicarbonate can be used to buffer H+ ions, improving performance and avoiding fatigue, but excessive use may cause gastrointestinal issues.
- Caffeine can increase fatty acid utilization and has upper limits set by the IOC for urine concentration.
- Muscle soreness, including acute soreness and delayed-onset muscle soreness, can be attributed to factors such as inflammation, muscle damage, and increased Ca2+ levels.
- The Bible verses cited suggest a mental aspect in fighting fatigue during exercise.
- Thermoregulation involves maintaining a relatively constant body temperature despite external environmental changes, with core and skin temperature measurements being key factors.
- Heat exchange in thermoregulation is influenced by factors such as gradient, humidity, wind, sunlight, clothing, and playing ground.
- Heat stress and strain, hyperthermia, and acclimatization are important concepts related to thermoregulation.
- Factors affecting thermoregulation include hydration, body composition, acclimatization, and aging, with dehydration impairing performance if fluids are not replaced quickly.
- Men and women generally have similar responses for thermoregulation, except during the menstrual cycle and in terms of evaporation and conduction/convection.
- Aging affects thermoregulation due to changes in muscle mass, surface area-mass ratio, and cardiac output, with old people having less plasma volume and being more susceptible to heat illness.
Test your knowledge of exercise physiology with this quiz on factors affecting performance and thermoregulation. Explore topics such as lactic acid build-up, carbohydrate supercompensation, sodium bicarbonate use, caffeine effects, muscle soreness, and thermoregulation principles.
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