Oxygen Therapy Exam 1 Review

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Questions and Answers

What are common early signs of hypoxia?

Restlessness and confusion (correct)

Bradycardia and pallor

Tripod stance and hypertension

Cyanosis and decreased activity

What indicates late signs of hypoxia?

Decreased activity and bradycardia (correct)

Increased heart rate and anxiety

Hyperemia and elevated blood pressure

Cyanosis and tripod stance

What percentage of oxygen saturation (SpOz) is considered safe for COPD patients?

92-95%

85-90%

88-92% (correct)

90-95%

What is a method for oxygen delivery in therapy?

High flow systems at > 42/min with humidification Signup and view all the answers

What should one do when starting oxygen therapy for a patient?

Start low and increase slowly as needed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of chronic hypoxia?

Nail clubbing and peripheral pallor Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with early hypoxia?

Decreased activity Signup and view all the answers

What does a decrease in heart rate indicate in the context of hypoxia?

It represents late signs of hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended practice regarding humidification in oxygen therapy?

Humidification must be sterile and replaced every 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of accessory breathing in patients with respiratory distress?

Use of neck and shoulder muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a patient in need of respiratory support?

Semi or high-Fowlers position Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum flow rate for a nasal cannula?

6 liters per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

12-20 breaths per minute Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an increased respiratory rate above normal?

Tachypnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of a Venturi mask?

To deliver precise levels of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What respiration pattern is characterized by alternating periods of rapid and slow breathing, often associated with CNS issues?

Cheyne-Stokes respiration Signup and view all the answers

For which patient condition is a face tent most suitable?

Patients after oral and nasal surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of an Ambu bag?

To ventilate patients with respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

Which respiration type indicates rapid and shallow breathing that is irregular?

Biots respiration Signup and view all the answers

What does bradypnea refer to?

Decreased respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

How does a CPAP machine function?

It keeps the airway open by providing pressure during both inspiration and expiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the common flow rate for a trach collar?

10-12 liters per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pulse rate range for adults?

60-100 BPM Signup and view all the answers

Which device is most commonly used to provide aerosol medications?

Nebulizer Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a pulse rate of over 100 BPM?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with oxygen cylinders?

They can catch fire when near flames Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Kussmaul respirations?

Rapid and deep breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is an important maintenance requirement for noninvasive ventilation equipment?

Keep it clean and free from debris Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following respiratory patterns indicates no breathing?

Apnea Signup and view all the answers

What flow rate range is typical for a nebulizer?

10-15 liters per minute Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oxygen Therapy and Hypoxia

Hypoxia early signs include restlessness, confusion, anxiety, increased heart rate (HR), elevated blood pressure (BP), rapid respiratory rate (RR), dyspnea, and use of tripod stance for accessory breathing.
Late signs of hypoxia involve decreased activity levels, lower HR, cyanosis, pallor, accessory breathing, and altered level of consciousness (ALOC).
Chronic hypoxia signs consist of nail clubbing and peripheral pallor.
COPD patients maintain oxygen saturation (O2 Sat) safely around 88-92%.

O2 Delivery Methods

Low flow delivery: Oxygen flow rates exceed 42 liters/min for good humidification; sterile water used and replaced every 24 hours.
Start low and titrate slowly up for O2 therapy; no doctor's order required for emergency use.
Nasal Cannula: Delivers 24-75% O2, at flow rates of 1-6 L/min; can be used on any patient, avoid bag deflation.
Venturi Mask: Provides precise control of O2 delivery (4-10 L/min, 24-50% O2); primarily used in ICU and for COPD patients needing exact concentrations.
Face Tent: Offers an alternative for aerosol masks post-oral or nasal surgery, delivering 24-100% O2 at ≥10 L/min.
Ambu Bag (CPR bag): Used to assist or provide breathing for patients with respirations <12/min, delivering ~50% O2; applicable for pediatric cases with respiratory issues.
Trach Collar: Utilizes a T-piece with humidifier at typically 10 L/min.
Nebulizer: Administers aerosolized medications.
Incentive Spirometer: Encourages deep inhalation to prevent pneumonia and atelectasis; aim for 10 times/hour.

Noninvasive Ventilation

CPAP: Maintains set positive airway pressure for sleep apnea.
BIPAP: Provides inspiratory assistance and keeps airways open during expiration.

Oxygen Cylinders

Compressed O2 systems are common for home use; hospitals utilize bulk liquid O2 systems.
E cylinder considered the most common size; maintain 10 feet from flames and keep a clutter-free environment.
Caution with electrical equipment and avoid electric/friction toys.

Best Practices for Oxygen Therapy

Position patients in semi or high-Fowler's for optimal breathing.

Vital Signs Overview

Respirations: Normal range is 12-20 breaths per minute.
- Tachypnea: >20 breaths/min.
- Bradypnea: <12 breaths/min.
- Cheyne-Stokes Respiration: Alternating periods of rapid/deep and slow/shallow breathing (indicates CNS issues).
- Kussmaul's Respiration: Rapid and deep, commonly associated with ketoacidosis.
- Biots: Rapid, shallow, and irregular respirations (often linked to CNS issues).
- Apnea: Absence of breathing.
Pulse: Normal range is 60-100 BPM, can be regular or irregular.
- Tachycardia: >100 BPM.
- Bradycardia: <60 BPM.

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Description

Prepare for your Exam 1 with this comprehensive review on Oxygen Therapy and Hypoxia. This quiz covers key signs and symptoms, including both early and late indicators of hypoxia to help you perform better. Enhance your understanding of this critical topic in respiratory care.