Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two types of oxygen delivery devices?
What are the two types of oxygen delivery devices?
What is the primary advantage of variable performance oxygen delivery devices?
What is the primary advantage of variable performance oxygen delivery devices?
Patient comfort
What is the primary advantage of fixed performance oxygen delivery devices?
What is the primary advantage of fixed performance oxygen delivery devices?
What kind of delivery device are nasal cannula considered?
What kind of delivery device are nasal cannula considered?
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Nasal cannula are ideal for patients who need oxygen for a short period of time.
Nasal cannula are ideal for patients who need oxygen for a short period of time.
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What is the ideal flow rate for nasal cannula to provide a long-term oxygen therapy?
What is the ideal flow rate for nasal cannula to provide a long-term oxygen therapy?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for nasal cannula?
What is the primary mechanism of action for nasal cannula?
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Which of the following factors does not affect the FiO2 delivered by nasal cannula?
Which of the following factors does not affect the FiO2 delivered by nasal cannula?
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Study Notes
Oxygen Delivery Devices
- Various devices deliver different fractional inspired oxygen concentrations (FiO2)
- Devices categorized as variable or fixed performance
- Variable performance devices deliver fluctuating FiO2
- Fixed performance devices deliver a more constant and predictable FiO2
Variable Performance Masks (MC)
- Used to deliver oxygen-enriched air
- Also called low-flow delivery devices
- Widely used due to patient comfort, low cost, and ease of adjusting FiO2 without changing the device
- Limited reservoir capacity, requiring the patient to inhale ambient air for proper function
- FiO2 determined by oxygen flow rate, reservoir size, and respiratory pattern
Variable Performance Face Mask
- Components include:
- A plastic mask body with side holes
- A port for oxygen supply
- Elastic bands for securing to patient's face.
- Used only when fixed oxygen concentration is not critical
- Patients reliant on hypoxic drive should not use these masks
Nasal Cannula
- Ideal for long-term oxygen therapy
- Flow rates of 2-4 L/min are comfortable and provide an FiO2 of 0.28-0.36
- Higher flow rates are uncomfortable
- Components:
- Two prongs that protrude into the nose
- Adjustable head strap
- Mechanism of action:
- Entrainment of ambient air through nostrils
- FiO2 proportional to flow rate, and volume of nasopharynx
- Mouth breathing creates a Venturi effect
- Increased patient compliance compared to facial masks, patients can speak, eat and drink
- Cautions: dry gas flow may cause nasal mucosa trauma; inappropriate for blocked nasal passages
Nasal Catheters
- Single lumen catheter lodged in the nostril by a foam collar
- Oxygen flows of 2-3 L/min can be used
- Securing with tape
- Not suitable when mucosal tear is suspected due to risk of surgical emphysema.
Open Oxygen Delivery Systems
- Designed for maximum patient comfort while delivering variable FiO2
- Fit around the head (similar to headphones) minimizing physical contact
- Suitable for nasal and mouth breathers, especially beneficial for long-term oxygen therapy
- Wide range of oxygen flows are available
- Similar factors (as with other devices) affect performance
Fixed Performance Devices (Venturi Mask)
- Fixed performance devices, sometimes called high-flow oxygen enrichment (HAFOE)
- Components:
- Plastic mask body with holes
- Proximal end incorporates a Venturi device (color-coded and marked with recommended oxygen flow rate) to deliver the desired oxygen concentration
- Calibrated variable Venturi device can serve as an alternative
Venturi Mask - Mechanism of Action
- Oxygen flow through constriction creates negative pressure, entraining ambient air
- FiO2 is dependent on the degree of air entrainment (less entrainment = higher FiO2)
- FiO2 achieved can be 0.24, 0.28, 0.31, 0.35, 0.4, or 0.6
Venturi Mask - Problems & Safety
- Recommended for precise FiO2 delivery, especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who rely on hypoxic drive
- Average FiO2 delivered in these masks may be up to 5% greater than the target
- Can be noisy and bulky, impacting patient tolerance
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Description
Explore the different oxygen delivery devices, including variable and fixed performance masks. Learn about their functionalities, advantages, and usage guidelines, especially focusing on variable performance masks. This quiz is ideal for healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their knowledge on oxygen therapy.
