NF 28 Assisting with Respiration and Oxygen Delivery

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a late sign of respiratory insufficiency?

Arrhythmia

Muscle retractions (correct)

Memory lapse

Increased pulse

What does pulse oximetry measure?

Blood pressure

Heart rate

Oxygen saturation (correct)

Respiratory rate

What is the recommended treatment for hypoxia?

Administering oxygen

Correcting the cause

Both A and B (correct)

None of the above

In what situations is pulse oximetry not recommended?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal SpO2 level?

Greater than 90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site for placing the sensor?

Fingertip Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before attaching the fingertip sensor?

Remove dark nail polish or artificial nail Signup and view all the answers

How often should the site of the clip-on probes be rotated?

Every 4 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hypoxia?

Airway obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for the blue discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to lack of oxygen?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

Which skill involves the use of a pulse oximeter?

Skill 28.1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for the collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange?

Atelectasis Signup and view all the answers

Which maneuver is used to dislodge an airway obstruction in a conscious person?

Abdominal thrusts Signup and view all the answers

What is the best sign that an infant's airway is unobstructed?

Ability to cry Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious person?

Tongue Signup and view all the answers

What are the two standard measures used to clear secretions and prevent hypoxia?

Deep breathing and coughing Signup and view all the answers

Which structures make up the upper respiratory system?

Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for movement of air into the lungs?

Diaphragm contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchi?

Channel air to and from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the respiratory center in the medulla to control the rate of respiration?

Changing levels of hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, and oxygen in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of hypoxia?

Obstruction of the airway Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is most susceptible to slight changes in oxygenation?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for the condition of being without oxygen?

Anoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of respiratory insufficiency?

Obstruction of the airway Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for assisting with respiration and oxygen delivery if ventilation is not successful?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the side-lying recovery position for a person who cannot breathe due to an obstruction?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of placing the infant face down straddling your arm with the head lower than the trunk when assisting with respiration?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five blows between the shoulder blades when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To dislodge the foreign body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five chest thrusts using two fingers over the lower half of the sternum when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To dislodge the foreign body Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a person resumes breathing after assisting with respiration?

Turn the person to the side with arms in front of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of hypoxia?

Anoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five chest thrusts using two fingers over the lower half of the sternum when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To relieve airway obstruction caused by a foreign object Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious person?

Foreign object Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bronchi?

To warm and moisten the air Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT involved in respiration?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cilia in the bronchial tree?

To trap and remove foreign particles Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the respiratory center in the medulla to control the rate of respiration?

Changes in pH levels Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thorax and respiratory tissues with aging?

They experience decreased elasticity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about pulse oximetry?

Pulse oximetry measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the blood?

90% to 100% Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended site for placing the pulse oximeter sensor?

The fingertip Signup and view all the answers

When should the site of the clip-on probes be rotated?

Every 4 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a late sign of respiratory insufficiency?

Muscle retractions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five chest thrusts using two fingers over the lower half of the sternum when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To dislodge an airway obstruction in a conscious person Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for hypoxia?

Administering oxygen and correcting the cause Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of respiratory insufficiency?

Airway obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of hypoxia?

Pulmonary fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of respiratory insufficiency?

Airway obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is most susceptible to slight changes in oxygenation?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five chest thrusts using two fingers over the lower half of the sternum when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To dislodge an airway obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which position is recommended for a conscious infant when assisting with respiration and oxygen delivery?

Placing the infant face down straddling your arm with the head lower than the trunk. Signup and view all the answers

Which action is recommended to dislodge a foreign object from an infant's airway?

Delivering five chest thrusts using two fingers over the lower half of the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the side-lying recovery position for a person who cannot breathe due to an obstruction?

To prevent aspiration if the person vomits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended sequence of steps for assisting with respiration and oxygen delivery if ventilation is not successful?

Repeat steps 12 to 1. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five blows between the shoulder blades when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To dislodge a foreign body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five chest thrusts using two fingers over the lower half of the sternum when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To dislodge a foreign body. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for administering abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) to a conscious person?

Ask person if she can speak, stand behind the person and place arms around her waist, make a fist with one hand and place the other hand over the fist, place the hands slightly above the umbilicus and well below the sternum with the thumb of the fist inward, using an upward rotating motion of the fist, forcefully thrust the hands into the abdomen at an upward angle Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) to a conscious person with an airway obstruction?

To dislodge whatever is obstructing the airway and reestablish normal respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious person?

The tongue Signup and view all the answers

What are the two standard measures used to clear secretions and prevent hypoxia?

Deep breathing and coughing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of hypoxia?

High altitude Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) to a conscious person with an airway obstruction?

To restore normal breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is most susceptible to slight changes in oxygenation?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal SpO2 level?

95-100% Signup and view all the answers

Which site is most commonly used for placing the pulse oximeter sensor?

Fingertip Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the blood?

90% to 100% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rotating the site of the clip-on probes every 4 hours?

To prevent skin breakdown Signup and view all the answers

What are two advantages of pulse oximetry over arterial blood gases for monitoring oxygenation?

Pulse oximetry provides real-time continuous monitoring and is less invasive. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a late sign of respiratory insufficiency?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for hypoxia?

Administering oxygen and correcting the cause Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) to a conscious person with an airway obstruction?

To dislodge a foreign object from the airway Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious person?

Foreign object Signup and view all the answers

Which structures make up the upper respiratory system?

Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cilia in the bronchial tree?

To trap and remove foreign particles Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the respiratory center in the medulla to control the rate of respiration?

Changing levels of hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, and oxygen in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thorax and respiratory tissues with aging?

Decreased elasticity, dry respiratory membranes, and thicker mucus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypoxia?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a humidifier in oxygen therapy?

To prevent the drying of the respiratory mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a safety precaution to be observed when patients are receiving oxygen therapy?

Avoid using open flames near the oxygen source Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of endotracheal suctioning?

To clear the airway of secretions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for delivering abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) to a conscious person with an airway obstruction?

Stand behind the person and place arms around the waist, make a fist with one hand and place the other hand over the fist, place the hands slightly above the umbilicus and well below the sternum, using an upward rotating motion of the fist, forcefully thrust the hands into the abdomen at an upward angle Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five chest thrusts using two fingers over the lower half of the sternum when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To increase airway pressure and potentially dislodge the object Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five blows between the shoulder blades when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To dislodge whatever is obstructing the airway and reestablish normal respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the side-lying recovery position for a person who cannot breathe due to an obstruction?

To open the airway and allow any dislodged object to fall out Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following positions is recommended for a conscious infant when assisting with respiration and oxygen delivery?

Placing the infant on their side with arms in front of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five blows between the shoulder blades when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To dislodge a foreign body from the airway Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the side-lying recovery position for a person who cannot breathe due to an obstruction?

To aid continued respiration and prevent aspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five chest thrusts using two fingers over the lower half of the sternum when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To dislodge a foreign body from the airway Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of placing the infant face down straddling your arm with the head lower than the trunk when assisting with respiration?

To encourage the movement of the object into or out of the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for hypoxia?

Administering oxygen and assisting with respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the recommended site for placing the pulse oximeter sensor?

Earlobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for SpO2?

90% to 100% Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if the saturation levels fall below 90%?

Increase oxygen low rate Signup and view all the answers

How often should the site of the clip-on probes be rotated?

Every 4 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a late sign of respiratory insufficiency?

Stridor Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) to a conscious person with an airway obstruction?

To dislodge a foreign object from the airway Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the blood?

98-100% Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for hypoxia?

Administering oxygen and correcting the cause Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT involved in respiration?

Bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To facilitate gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the respiratory center in the medulla to control the rate of respiration?

Changes in carbon dioxide levels Signup and view all the answers

What changes occur with aging that affect respiration?

Decreased elasticity of respiratory tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hypoxia?

Disturbances in diffusion of gases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is most susceptible to slight changes in oxygenation?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for the increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood?

Hypercapnia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most vulnerable organ to hypoxia?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

Which position helps move an object up into or out of an infant's mouth and protects the infant's head and neck?

Face down with head lower than trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five chest thrusts using two fingers over the lower half of the sternum when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To help dislodge obstruction in the airway Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a person who cannot breathe due to an obstruction?

Side-lying recovery position Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering five blows between the shoulder blades when assisting with respiration for an infant?

To dislodge a foreign body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cilia in the bronchial tree?

To move mucus and foreign particles out of the respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

Which maneuver is used to dislodge an airway obstruction in a conscious person?

Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for delivering abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) to a conscious person with an airway obstruction?

Stand behind the person and place arms around their waist, make a fist with one hand and place the other hand over the fist, place the hands slightly above the umbilicus and well below the sternum with the thumb of the fist inward, using an upward rotating motion of the fist, forcefully thrust the hands into the abdomen at an upward angle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious person?

Coughing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most effective method of clearing the air passages?

Coughing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of ineffective coughing spasms?

Rupture of alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypoxia?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of delivering abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) to a conscious person with an airway obstruction?

To dislodge the obstructing object Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a safety precaution to be observed when patients are receiving oxygen therapy?

Ensuring proper grounding of electrical equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypoxia?

Hypercapnia Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a cannula in oxygen delivery?

To deliver oxygen directly to the trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a safety precaution to be observed when patients are receiving oxygen therapy?

Monitor oxygen saturation levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps for providing tracheostomy care?

Clean the inner cannula, clean the stoma site, and replace the tracheostomy tube Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory Insufficiency and Hypoxia

Late signs of respiratory insufficiency include changes in mental status or cyanosis.
Hypoxia is treated with supplemental oxygen to increase oxygen saturation levels.
Common causes of hypoxia include impaired ventilation, low oxygen availability, and circulation issues.
The medical term for lack of oxygen is "hypoxia," while "anoxia" refers to complete absence of oxygen.

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry measures the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the blood (SpO2).
Normal SpO2 levels range from 95% to 100% for healthy individuals.
Common site for sensor placement is the fingertip; other sites include earlobes and toes.
Sites of clip-on probes should be rotated every 4 hours to prevent skin irritation.

Airway Management Techniques

Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) are performed to dislodge an airway obstruction in a conscious person.
Five blows between the shoulder blades and five chest thrusts are applied for infants facing respiratory distress.
Best sign of an infant's unobstructed airway is effective crying or coughing.
Most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious person is the loss of muscle tone, leading to airway collapse.

Respiratory System Anatomy and Function

The upper respiratory system consists of the nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx.
The bronchi facilitate the movement of air into the lungs and branch off from the trachea.
Cilia in the bronchial tree help trap and move debris out of the respiratory tract.

Aging and Respiratory Health

Thorax and respiratory tissues undergo changes with aging, leading to decreased elasticity and lung capacity.
The brainstem's respiratory center is triggered by increased carbon dioxide levels and decreased oxygen saturation.

Other Key Points

Safety precautions during oxygen therapy include maintaining a safe distance from open flames and avoiding static electricity.
Endotracheal suctioning is utilized to clear secretions obstructing the airway.
A humidifier may be used during oxygen therapy to prevent drying of respiratory mucosa.
If saturation levels drop below 90%, additional assessment and interventions may be required.

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Description

Test your knowledge on infant airway obstruction and how to respond in emergency situations. Learn about back slaps, chest thrusts, and the most common causes of airway obstruction. Find out why the ability to cry is an important indicator of an unobstructed airway.