Oxidation Numbers Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the oxidation number of a pure element such as O₂?

  • -2
  • 0 (correct)
  • +2
  • +1

What is the oxidation number of sodium (Na) in the compound NaCl?

  • +1 (correct)
  • 0
  • +2
  • -1

In which of the following cases does oxygen have an oxidation number of -1?

  • 4
  • 0
  • 2 (correct)
  • 3

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen when bonded to metals?

<p>-1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound?

<p>0 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Oxidation number of pure elements

The oxidation number of any pure element is zero.

Oxidation number of monatomic ions

The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals its charge.

Oxidation number of oxygen (general)

The oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds is -2.

Oxidation number of hydrogen

Hydrogen's oxidation number is +1 when bonded to non-metals, and -1 when bonded to metals.

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Sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound

The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral compound is zero.

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Study Notes

Oxidation Numbers

  • Oxidation number (or oxidation state) represents degree of oxidation or reduction
  • It indicates number of electrons gained, lost, or shared during bond formation
  • Can be positive, negative, or zero
  • Different rules for assigning oxidation states

Key Rules

  • Pure elements: Oxidation number is zero (e.g., O₂, H₂, N₂)
  • Monatomic ions: Oxidation number equals ion charge (e.g., Na⁺ = +1, Cl⁻ = -1)
  • Oxygen: Usually -2, but -1 in peroxides (e.g., H₂O₂)
  • Hydrogen: +1 when bonded to non-metals, -1 when bonded to metals
  • Alkali metals (Group 1): +1 in compounds
  • Alkaline earth metals (Group 2): +2 in compounds
  • Fluorine: Always -1 in compounds
  • Sum of oxidation numbers: Zero in neutral compounds; equals charge in polyatomic ions

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