Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the job of the digestive system?
What is the job of the digestive system?
To take complex foods and turn them into smaller, simpler macromolecules.
Intracellular digestion, as a part of _____, involves the oxidation of fatty acids and glucose that is extracted from food via ___ ____ digestion.
Intracellular digestion, as a part of _____, involves the oxidation of fatty acids and glucose that is extracted from food via ___ ____ digestion.
metabolism, extra-cellular
What is extra-cellular digestion?
What is extra-cellular digestion?
The process by which nutrients from the outside world are extracted from food.
Where does extracellular digestion occur?
Where does extracellular digestion occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What are sphincters?
What are sphincters?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the alimentary canal and what else is it known as?
What is the alimentary canal and what else is it known as?
Signup and view all the answers
What does digestion involve?
What does digestion involve?
Signup and view all the answers
Starches and carbohydrates are broken down into what?
Starches and carbohydrates are broken down into what?
Signup and view all the answers
Lipids are broken down into what?
Lipids are broken down into what?
Signup and view all the answers
Glycerol and proteins are broken down into what?
Glycerol and proteins are broken down into what?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two subgroups of digestion?
What are the two subgroups of digestion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is mechanical digestion?
What is mechanical digestion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is chemical digestion?
What is chemical digestion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is absorption?
What is absorption?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the digestive tract and what are its components?
What is the digestive tract and what are its components?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the accessory organs involved in digestion?
What are the accessory organs involved in digestion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the colon also known as?
What is the colon also known as?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the enteric nervous system?
What is the enteric nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is peristalsis?
What is peristalsis?
Signup and view all the answers
What component of the nervous system heavily regulates peristalsis?
What component of the nervous system heavily regulates peristalsis?
Signup and view all the answers
The parasympathetic division of the nervous system _____ digestive activities through (increase/decrease) _____.
The parasympathetic division of the nervous system _____ digestive activities through (increase/decrease) _____.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Overview of the Digestive System
- Transforms complex foods (polysaccharides, fats, proteins) into simpler macromolecules (monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids).
- Composed of both extracellular and intracellular digestion processes.
Types of Digestion
- Extracellular digestion: Involves obtaining nutrients from food outside the body; occurs within the lumen of the alimentary canal.
- Intracellular digestion: A metabolic process that oxidizes fatty acids and glucose extracted from food during extracellular digestion.
The Alimentary Canal
- Also known as the GI tract, it consists of a passage from the mouth to the anus.
- Sphincters, smooth muscles surrounding the canal, allow for compartmentalization of digestive functions.
Breakdown of Food
- Digestion entails breaking down food into organic molecules.
- Starches and carbohydrates → monosaccharides.
- Lipids → free fatty acids.
- Glycerol and proteins → amino acids.
Digestion Mechanisms
- Two subgroups: mechanical (physical breakdown without chemical bond cleavage) and chemical (enzymatic cleavage of bonds like peptide and glycosidic bonds).
Absorption Process
- Involves extracting and transporting final digested products from the digestive tract into the circulatory system for tissue distribution.
Digestive Tract Components
- Oral cavity → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum.
Accessory Organs
- Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder provide lubrication and enzymes crucial for digestion, collectively known as accessory organs.
Nervous System Regulation
- The enteric nervous system controls digestive function, comprising 100 million neurons within the digestive tract walls.
- Triggers peristalsis, the rhythmic contraction needed to move food through the system.
Peristalsis
- Rhythmic contraction of the gut tube, facilitated by the enteric nervous system.
- Governed by the autonomic nervous system, which can function independently of the brain and spinal cord.
- The parasympathetic division stimulates digestive activities while the sympathetic division inhibits them.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the structure and function of the digestive system. This quiz covers key concepts related to extracellular and intracellular digestion, as well as the anatomy of the alimentary canal. Understand how complex foods are transformed into simpler macromolecules and the mechanisms involved.
