Digestive System Basics
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Questions and Answers

What are the 4 phases of processing food in your body?

  • Ingestion, digestion, absorption and filtration
  • Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination (correct)
  • Ingestion, secretion, absorption and excretion
  • Digestion, absorption, metabolism and excretion

    • What is digestion?

    The process that breaks down food into small molecules so they can move into the bloodstream.

    What does food pass through?

    Digestive tract

    What are the major organs of the digestive tract?

    <p>Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three organs that food does not pass through, but store enzymes & chemicals that help break down food?

    <p>Liver, pancreas and gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are enzymes?

    <p>Molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in your body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does mechanical digestion take place?

    <p>In the mouth and stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does chemical digestion take place?

    <p>Mouth, stomach and small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the watery substance in your mouth called?

    <p>Saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does saliva contain?

    <p>Mucus and salivary amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does salivary amylase do?

    <p>It starts the breakdown of food from a starch to a sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much saliva is produced by your body each day?

    <p>1.5 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for food to pass through the esophagus?

    <p>Four to ten seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when muscles push food through the esophagus?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stomach?

    <p>A powerful muscular bag that expands when food enters it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ways does the stomach digest food?

    <p>Two - mechanically and chemically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in mechanical digestion?

    <p>Food is mixed by the muscular walls of the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in chemical digestion?

    <p>Food is mixed with strong digestive juices, including hydrochloric acid and enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two reasons the stomach produces mucus?

    <p>It lubricates the food and protects the stomach from strong digestive juices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if the stomach did not have mucus?

    <p>The digestive juices would burn our stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for food to move through the stomach?

    <p>Four hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does food look like after moving through the stomach?

    <p>It becomes a thin, watery liquid called chyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the digestive juices added to the small intestine come from?

    <p>The liver and pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the liver produce?

    <p>A greenish fluid called bile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pancreas do?

    <p>It helps make insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is insulin?

    <p>A hormone that allows glucose to pass from the bloodstream into your body's cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the tiny, fingerlike projections in the small intestine called?

    <p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is food absorbed in the small intestine?

    <p>Molecules of nutrients pass by diffusion, osmosis or active transport into the blood vessels in the villi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main job of the large intestine?

    <p>To absorb water from the undigested mass of chyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does chyme stay in the large intestine and what happens to it?

    <p>It becomes more solid and can stay for as long as three days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We have bacteria that feed on our undigested waste. Is this a good thing?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gist of digestion?

    <p>We digest food so we don't starve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phases of Food Processing

    • Four phases: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

    Digestion Overview

    • Defined as the breakdown of food into smaller molecules for absorption into the bloodstream.

    Digestive Tract

    • Comprises the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

    Accessory Organs

    • Liver, pancreas, and gallbladder store enzymes and chemicals aiding digestion but do not directly process food.

    Enzymes

    • Molecules that accelerate chemical reactions within the body.

    Mechanical Digestion

    • Occurs through chewing in the mouth and churning in the stomach.

    Chemical Digestion

    • Involves acids and enzymes breaking down food in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.

    Saliva

    • A watery substance in the mouth containing mucus and salivary amylase.

    Salivary Amylase

    • Begins starch breakdown into sugars.

    Saliva Production

    • The body produces approximately 1.5 liters of saliva daily.

    Esophagus Passage Time

    • Food typically moves through the esophagus in about four to ten seconds.

    Peristalsis

    • The contraction and relaxation of muscles behind and in front of the food, respectively, that moves food forward.

    Stomach Function

    • A muscular organ that expands upon food entry, digesting food both mechanically and chemically.

    Mechanical Digestion in the Stomach

    • Achieved by mixing food via muscular walls.

    Chemical Digestion in the Stomach

    • Involves strong digestive juices like hydrochloric acid and enzymes mixing with food.

    Mucous Production

    • Protects the stomach lining and lubricates food.

    Mucous and Acid Balance

    • Insufficient mucous production can lead to stomach damage from digestive acids.

    Stomach Passage Duration

    • Food remains in the stomach for about four hours, transforming into chyme.

    Chyme

    • Chyme is a thin, watery liquid that progresses to the small intestine post-digestion.

    Digestive Juices in Small Intestine

    • Added from the liver and pancreas.

    Liver's Role

    • Produces bile to emulsify fats and aids in fat digestion.

    Pancreas Function

    • Produces insulin, facilitating glucose absorption into body cells.

    Villi

    • The small intestine walls feature ridges and folds covered with villi, enhancing nutrient absorption.

    Nutrient Absorption

    • Chyme's nutrients are absorbed into blood vessels in the villi via diffusion and active transport.

    Large Intestine Function

    • Absorbs water from undigested chyme, returning significant water to the body.

    Chyme in the Large Intestine

    • Can remain for up to three days, becoming more solid.

    Beneficial Bacteria

    • Bacteria in the large intestine aid digestion by producing essential vitamins.

    Importance of Digestion

    • Essential for nourishing cells and providing energy, thus preventing starvation.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of the digestive system with this quiz. Learn about the phases of food processing, the role of digestion, and the key organs involved in the digestive tract. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of human biology.

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