Overview of the Circulatory System

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What is the function of the vasa vasorum in blood vessels?

Supply nutrients to large blood vessels (correct)

Separate the tunica media from the tunica externa

Line the tunica intima

Control contraction and dilation

Where are the nervi vasorum found and what is their function?

In the vasa vasorum, supply nutrients to blood vessels

In the tunica intima, control contraction and dilation (correct)

In the tunica externa, contain collagenous and elastic fibers

In tunica media, provide structure and allow stretch

Why do arteries and arterioles have thicker walls compared to veins and venules?

Thicker tunica externa layer

Presence of vasa vasorum

Larger diameter for easier blood flow

Higher pressure from pumped blood (correct)

Which layer of a blood vessel contains muscles for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Tunica media Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the internal elastic membrane in large arteries?

Provide structure while allowing stretch Signup and view all the answers

Where are valves found in blood vessels, and what is their function?

In veins, stop backflow due to low pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force that moves blood out of the capillaries and into the tissues?

Hydrostatic pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released if blood volume drops, signaling the kidneys to reabsorb water to try to maintain fluid volume and blood pressure?

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Angiotensin 2 in the body?

Increases vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Atrial natriuretic hormone in the body?

Decreases blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism involves local chemical signaling to open or close precapillary sphincters for perfusion regulation?

Autoregulation of Perfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the common treatment approach for Hypovolemic shock?

Intravenous (IV) fluids administration Signup and view all the answers

What type of capillary is the most common and forms part of the blood-brain barrier?

Continuous capillary Signup and view all the answers

What is the arterial pressure compared to venous pressure in the body?

Arterial pressure is normally much greater than venous pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel has shunts or valves to prevent backflow due to low pressure or gravity?

Veins Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by insufficient blood flow and is often accompanied by hypoxia?

Ischemia Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the blood pressure reading represents the pressure during ventricular relaxation?

Diastolic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

(Systolic BP + Diastolic BP) / 2 Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels have smooth muscle sphincters that regulate blood flow to capillary beds?

Arterioles Signup and view all the answers

'Pulse' refers to the expansion and contraction of which component?

Arteries due to ventricular contraction and relaxation Signup and view all the answers

'Hypovolemia' refers to a condition characterized by:

Low blood volume decreasing blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

'Viscosity' in the context of blood refers to:

'Viscosity' is the fluid thickness, affecting blood flow and pressure Signup and view all the answers