45 Questions
What is the approximate global prevalence of Premature Ejaculation (PE) across age groups and cultures?
30%
Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) in the text?
Physical exercise
What is one of the main criteria that the condition of Premature Ejaculation needs to meet?
Cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty
Which condition showed a strong association with anxiety and depression rather than anxiety or depression alone?
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Which factor was found to contribute the most to Premature Ejaculation (PE) according to one study mentioned in the text?
Anxiety
What physiological change was noticed during sexual arousal in individuals with Premature Ejaculation (PE)?
Increased heart rate
What are some lifestyle factors mentioned as risk factors for Erectile Dysfunction?
Obesity and smoking
What is one of the main limitations mentioned in determining 'normal' ejaculatory latency?
Perception of what is 'normal' varies across cultures
What does Premature Ejaculation need to NOT be due to, according to the text?
The use of a substance
A woman with Sexual Arousal Disorder typically experiences heightened levels of subjective and genital arousal during sexual activity.
False
Women in the acute stress condition showed higher levels of genital and subjective sexual arousal compared to women in the control condition.
False
Age is a significant factor associated with arousal, orgasmic, and enjoyment problems in women according to a study.
False
Premature Ejaculation (PE) and Erectile Dysfunction (ED) are the two most prevalent male sexual dysfunctions.
True
Biological factors play a significant role in contributing to female Sexual Dysfunctions.
False
Match the following risk factors with the corresponding male sexual dysfunction:
Psychological stress Anxiety Depression = Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Metabolic Diabetes Heart diseases Hypertension GI disorders = Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Lifestyle Obesity Smoking = Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Increased heart rate Shorter latency to maximum penile tumescence = Premature Ejaculation
Match the following characteristics with the corresponding male sexual dysfunction:
Inability to obtain/maintain penile erection sufficient for sexual performance = Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Reduced intravaginal ejaculatory latency time Decreased satisfaction with intercourse = Premature Ejaculation Diminished control over ejaculation Marked distress or interpersonal difficulty = Premature Ejaculation Men preoccupied with ejaculatory control Experienced anxiety during sex = Premature Ejaculation
Match the following associations with the corresponding male sexual dysfunction:
Anxiety & depression reported more ED = Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Anxiety contributes the most Strong associations with sexual confidence and anxiety = Premature Ejaculation Difficulty relaxing in sexual situations Anxiety, depression, psychological distress = Premature Ejaculation Stress related to sexual dysfunction in men = Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Match the following study findings with the corresponding male sexual dysfunction:
Men with PE and partners extremely/distressed Not able to relax leads to PE = Premature Ejaculation Strong associations between sexual confidence and anxiety Men preoccupied with ejaculatory control during sex = Premature Ejaculation Anxiety & depression reported more ED Stress related to sexual dysfunction in men = Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Men engaged in sex preoccupied with ejaculatory control Anxiety during sex Difficulty relaxing in sexual situations = Premature Ejaculation
Which stage of the human sexual response cycle is associated with Sexual Arousal Disorder?
Arousal
What is the most prescribed drug for sexual dysfunction according to the text?
Viagra
Which type of reward is mentioned to increase desire in individuals apart from orgasm/sex?
Nonsexual rewards
What are the main types of female Sexual Desire Disorders mentioned in the text?
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder, Sexual Aversion Disorder
What does the term 'Alternate sexual response cycle willingness' refer to according to the text?
'Desire' stage in the sexual response cycle
What factor is described as an element that causes or contributes to the occurrence of a disorder or problem in sexual dysfunction?
Acute stress
Which type of stress arises from within a relationship in the context of sexual dysfunction?
Internal stress
What is a common issue that men and women experience when it comes time to engage in sexual activity according to the text?
Performance anxiety
Which type of stress is characterized by short-term activation of the stress response in the context of sexual dysfunction?
Acute stress
According to McCabe (2005), what role does performance anxiety play in the development and maintenance of sexual dysfunctions?
Major role in both men and women
What is the most frequent sexual problem among women according to the text?
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)
In women, what was reported to decrease during periods of work-related stress?
Sexual arousal
What was found to be the biggest cause of reduced sexual desire across all age groups based on the text?
Stress
What is characterized by genital pain associated with sexual intercourse?
Dyspareunia
What did female rats in the stress condition show according to the text?
More irritable behavior
Which condition is described as a phobic aversion to and avoidance of sexual contact with a partner?
Sexual Aversion Disorder
What is the main characteristic that differentiates Vaginismus from Sexual Arousal Disorder?
Inability to attain sufficient sexual excitement
Which factor was found to be significantly associated with lower levels of genital and subjective sexual arousal in women experiencing acute stress?
Chronic stress
What physiological response process is responsible for facilitating the entry of the penis into the vagina during sexual arousal in women?
Genital lubrication
What was reported as a common problem by 24% of women participating in the National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS)?
Lack of orgasm
What is the predominant factor associated with arousal, orgasmic, and enjoyment problems in women according to the text?
Marital difficulties
What is characteristic of Erectile Dysfunction (ED)?
Decreased satisfaction with sexual intercourse
Which factor contributes significantly to Erectile Dysfunction (ED) according to the text?
Obesity
What is one of the criteria that Premature Ejaculation (PE) needs to meet?
Rapid ejaculation
Which condition is mostly related to stress in men according to the text?
Sexual dysfunction
What physiological change is observed in men with Premature Ejaculation (PE) during sexual arousal?
Increased heart rate before premature ejaculation
Which study finding suggests a strong association between anxiety and depression with Premature Ejaculation (PE)?
Reported anxiety or depression alone contributes more than anxiety & depression together
Study Notes
Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction
- 43% of women and 31% of men experience sexual dysfunction
- Rates increase with age, but not sexual activity or desire
What is Sexual Dysfunction?
- Characterized by disturbances in sexual desire and psychophysiological changes associated with the sexual response cycle
- Can occur in any of the four stages of Masters & Johnson's Human Sexual Response Cycle: desire, arousal, orgasm, and resolution
- Alternate Sexual Response Cycle includes willingness, different kinds of arousals, and non-sexual rewards increasing desire
Types of Sexual Dysfunction
Female Sexual Dysfunctions
- Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD): deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies, thoughts, or desire for sexual activity
- Sexual Aversion Disorder: phobic aversion to and avoidance of sexual contact with a sexual partner
- Sexual Pain Disorders: Dyspareunia (genital pain associated with sexual intercourse) and Vaginismus (involuntary spasm of the vaginal musculature)
- Sexual Arousal Disorder: inability to attain or maintain sufficient sexual excitement
- Orgasmic Disorder: difficulty, delay, or absence of attaining orgasm
Male Sexual Dysfunctions
- Premature Ejaculation (PE)
- Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
- Orgasmic Disorder
- Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)
Other Sexual Dysfunctions
- Sexual Dysfunction due to a general medical condition
- Substance Induced Sexual Dysfunction
- Sexual Dysfunction (NOS)
Stress and Sexual Dysfunction
- Four main factors contributing to sexual dysfunction: predisposing, precipitating, maintaining, and contextual factors
- Acute and chronic stress can lead to sexual dysfunction
- Negative feedback loop: stress leads to decreased sexual functioning, which leads to more stress and more sexual dysfunction
- Performance anxiety: a common sexual problem in which men and women acquire anxiety when it comes to engaging in sexual activity
Studies and Statistics
- National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS): 33.4% of women had persistent complaints of low sexual desire, 20% reported difficulty becoming lubricated, and 24% reported a lack of orgasm
- McCabe (2005): performance anxiety has a role in the development and maintenance of a broad range of sexual dysfunctions in both men and women
- Studies on stress and hyposexual desire disorder: majority of subjects with jobs reported decreased sexual desire during periods of work-related stress, especially in women### Sexual Dysfunctions
- Prevalence of sexual dysfunction: 43% for women, 31% for men (Lewis, 2010)
- Rates increase with age
- Stress is a major contributor to sexual dysfunction
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)
- Deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies/thoughts and/or desire for sexual activity
- Most frequent sexual problem among women
- Stress is a significant cause of reduced sexual desire across all age groups
- 72.3% of women with jobs reported decreased sexual desire during periods of work-related stress
- Men indicated erectile problems were more frequent during stressful periods (76% vs. 22% in non-stressful periods)
Sexual Aversion Disorder
- Phobic aversion to and avoidance of sexual contact with a sexual partner
- Caused by sexual trauma
Sexual Pain Disorders
- Dyspareunia: genital pain associated with sexual intercourse
- Vaginismus: involuntary spasm of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with vaginal penetration
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
- Characterized by the inability to obtain/and or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance
- Global prevalence: around 40% across age groups and cultures
- Risk factors: psychological stress, anxiety, depression, metabolic diseases, hypertension, GI disorders, obesity, and smoking
Premature Ejaculation (PE)
- Reduced intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT)
- Diminished control over ejaculation
- Decreased satisfaction with sexual intercourse
- Causes: stress, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress
- 43.9% of men with PE reported being "extremely" or "quite a bit" distressed compared to non-PE groups
Female Sexual Dysfunctions
- 33.4% of women had persistent complaints of low sexual desire
- 20% of women reported difficulty becoming lubricated during sexual stimulation
- 24% of women reported a lack of orgasm
- Risk factors: biological factors, psychological factors, life stressors, sexual abuse, and relationships
This quiz provides an overview of sexual dysfunction, including prevalence rates for both men and women, as well as the general characteristics of sexual dysfunctions. Topics covered include the disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiological changes associated with the sexual response cycle.
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