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What architectural style became prominent in Philippine architecture during the mid-1920s to the eve of World War II?
What architectural style became prominent in Philippine architecture during the mid-1920s to the eve of World War II?
Which architect was invited to develop the city of Manila and the summer capital in Baguio?
Which architect was invited to develop the city of Manila and the summer capital in Baguio?
What type of buildings emerged along Escolta during the eclectic style period?
What type of buildings emerged along Escolta during the eclectic style period?
What was a significant change in the architectural materials used after the turn of the century?
What was a significant change in the architectural materials used after the turn of the century?
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Which building exemplifies the eclectic architectural style during its emergence?
Which building exemplifies the eclectic architectural style during its emergence?
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What architectural style is characterized by its simple straight lines and marked the modern era in Philippine architecture?
What architectural style is characterized by its simple straight lines and marked the modern era in Philippine architecture?
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What is referred to as the 'bi-word' for Philippine architecture during the late 1920s?
What is referred to as the 'bi-word' for Philippine architecture during the late 1920s?
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What was the prevailing architectural style before the emergence of the modern era following World War II?
What was the prevailing architectural style before the emergence of the modern era following World War II?
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What significant cultural influence was introduced to the Malay peoples in the 14th century?
What significant cultural influence was introduced to the Malay peoples in the 14th century?
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Which period saw the establishment of an educated elite in Philippine society, leading to a modern literary tradition?
Which period saw the establishment of an educated elite in Philippine society, leading to a modern literary tradition?
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Which artistic elements were combined with modern forms by Filipino artists?
Which artistic elements were combined with modern forms by Filipino artists?
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What was a primary characteristic of local art during the Pre-Colonization Period?
What was a primary characteristic of local art during the Pre-Colonization Period?
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How did the Spanish impose their culture on the lowland peoples of the Philippines?
How did the Spanish impose their culture on the lowland peoples of the Philippines?
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What type of tools and ornaments were discovered in the Duyong Cave, dating back to 4854 B.C.?
What type of tools and ornaments were discovered in the Duyong Cave, dating back to 4854 B.C.?
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What impact did American influence have on the Philippines during the early 20th century?
What impact did American influence have on the Philippines during the early 20th century?
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Which group in the Philippines has largely maintained cultural independence despite foreign rule?
Which group in the Philippines has largely maintained cultural independence despite foreign rule?
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What are the two classifications of okir design?
What are the two classifications of okir design?
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Which motif is NOT commonly associated with okir designs?
Which motif is NOT commonly associated with okir designs?
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What are the colors typically found in the tri-color scheme of T’nalak?
What are the colors typically found in the tri-color scheme of T’nalak?
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What is the primary purpose of T’nalak cloth?
What is the primary purpose of T’nalak cloth?
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What is a significant structural feature of the torogan?
What is a significant structural feature of the torogan?
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Who primarily weaves T’nalak?
Who primarily weaves T’nalak?
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What is the role of Fu Dalu in T’nalak weaving?
What is the role of Fu Dalu in T’nalak weaving?
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What purpose did the dorung serve in the torogan?
What purpose did the dorung serve in the torogan?
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Which artist is recognized as a proponent of abstract expressionism?
Which artist is recognized as a proponent of abstract expressionism?
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What type of sculptures were primarily created during the Spanish Colonial Period?
What type of sculptures were primarily created during the Spanish Colonial Period?
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Which artist was recognized as a National Artist in 2001?
Which artist was recognized as a National Artist in 2001?
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What was the main purpose of sculpture during the Spanish Colonial Period?
What was the main purpose of sculpture during the Spanish Colonial Period?
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Which material was most commonly used for carving santos during the Spanish Colonial Period?
Which material was most commonly used for carving santos during the Spanish Colonial Period?
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Who was responsible for the erection of monuments to commemorate heroes during the American colonization period?
Who was responsible for the erection of monuments to commemorate heroes during the American colonization period?
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Which artist’s work is identified with Fauvist expressionism?
Which artist’s work is identified with Fauvist expressionism?
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What was a significant change in sculpture during the American colonization period?
What was a significant change in sculpture during the American colonization period?
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What does 'batuk' refer to in the context of tattoos?
What does 'batuk' refer to in the context of tattoos?
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In which province do the inhabitants resemble the Pintados?
In which province do the inhabitants resemble the Pintados?
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What is the significance of tattoos among the Pintados?
What is the significance of tattoos among the Pintados?
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What role do the bulul figures play in Cordilleran culture?
What role do the bulul figures play in Cordilleran culture?
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How are the facial features of bulul figures described?
How are the facial features of bulul figures described?
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What is a common activity performed by communities in the Cordilleras?
What is a common activity performed by communities in the Cordilleras?
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What is represented by the number of tattoos a man has among the Pintados?
What is represented by the number of tattoos a man has among the Pintados?
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In what position do sitting bulul figures typically rest?
In what position do sitting bulul figures typically rest?
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Who is considered the first modern Filipino sculptor?
Who is considered the first modern Filipino sculptor?
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What theme is commonly represented in Abdulmari Imao's sculptural reliefs?
What theme is commonly represented in Abdulmari Imao's sculptural reliefs?
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Which of the following sculptors is known for their work on the Gomburza Monument?
Which of the following sculptors is known for their work on the Gomburza Monument?
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Modern Philippine sculpture aims to liberate itself from which architectural tradition?
Modern Philippine sculpture aims to liberate itself from which architectural tradition?
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Which material was primarily used by Roberto Chabet in his sculptural works?
Which material was primarily used by Roberto Chabet in his sculptural works?
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What does the modern movement in Philippine sculpture emphasize, according to the practices of various artists?
What does the modern movement in Philippine sculpture emphasize, according to the practices of various artists?
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Which period marks a notable change in the development of modern Philippine sculpture?
Which period marks a notable change in the development of modern Philippine sculpture?
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Philippine architecture reflects a mixture of which influences?
Philippine architecture reflects a mixture of which influences?
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Study Notes
Overview of Philippine Art
- Philippine art reflects diverse cultural influences
- Early influences came from Malayan, Chinese, and Indian traders
- Spanish and later American rule significantly impacted cultural development
- Religious conversion affected lowland peoples; Muslims and upland tribes retained their cultural independence
- 20th century saw increased Westernization, influencing Filipino artists
Pre-Colonial Period
- Local communities developed art forms that extended beyond craft, incorporating decorative, symbolic, and contextual elements
- Shells functioned as tools and ornamentation
- The oldest known ornaments were dated 4854 BC, found in Duyong Cave, Palawan
- Angono Petroglyphs in Rizal province are the oldest known artwork
Spanish Colonial Period
- Art styles were inspired by Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque, and Rococo
- Mostly religious (Catholic) art.
- Filipino art styles developed:
- Miniaturismo: meticulous attention to detail and texture in costume representation
- Letras y Figuras: merging of letters and figures in daily life scenes
American Colonial Period
- American education and cultural values significantly influenced Filipino artistic output
- Painting flourished in themes and styles: genre, landscapes, still life, and portraits
- Influential Filipino artists emerged from this era.
Modern to Contemporary Period
- Philippine contemporary art (1946-1970) is difficult to define as a distinct period
- Filipino art historians and critics have debates about this transition period
- Many artists began as followers of Western style and trends of the time.
- The rise of personal computers created a new medium of art expression, with a resurgence in older art forms
Indigenous Philippine Art
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Indigenous peoples comprise 10-20% of the population
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Scattered throughout the country's mountainous and lowland regions
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Luzon's Igorots, Southern Lumad
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Diverse groups with unique cultures and artistic expressions
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Indigenous groups' unique cultures and artistic traditions
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Different Indigenous groups have different body painting and crafting traditions
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Body Painting: Indigenous people in certain regions (Cebu, Bohol, Leyte) historically practiced the art of tattoo designs
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Tribal art forms, body art.
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The Bulul: Figures of granary gods, ancestors deities. Carved of wood and imbued with significant religious cultural importance in Ifugao society
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The Hagabi: Carved wooden posts commonly found in the houses of Cordillera Mountains, representing the community social order.
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The Okir: Artistic design of the Maranao people. Fine art carving, painting, curving, and sculpting that defines their social and psychological identity.
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T'nalak: Sacred cloth woven by the T'boli people. Made from the abaca tree fibers and imbued with spiritual significance.
Philippine Art During the Colonial and Contemporary Periods
- Topic 1 :Philippine Painting
- Spanish suppression, and undervaluing of indigenous artwork. Painting served religious purposes.
- Emergence of Filipino masters in painting who developed their own methods in dealing with Western styles in paintings.
- Topic 2: Sculpture
- Art developed for religious purposes, and the use of sculptures to spread Christian ideology.
- Sculpture, as seen in the monumental and artistic designs of some monuments
- Topic 3: Architecture
- The Spanish colonization brought a new architectural style to Philippines.
- Religious architectures, military buildings and civilian buildings
- Filipino style buildings with traditional motifs from the past blending with traditional Western styles from the colonial era.
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Description
Explore the rich tapestry of Philippine art, from its early indigenous roots influenced by traders to the dramatic shifts during Spanish and American colonial periods. Discover how cultural and religious dynamics shaped unique art forms, reflecting the resilience and creativity of Filipino artists through time.
